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Philip VI of France with David II of Scotland and Queen Joan
A 15th century CE manuscript illustration showing David II of Scotland (r. 1329-1371 CE) and Queen Joan kneeling before King Philip VI of France (r. 1328-1350 CE).

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Francis I of France
Portrait of Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547), oil and oak wood by Jean Clouet, between 1527 and 1530.
Louvre, Paris.

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The People of France Recognize the Supreme Being and the Immortality of the Soul
A stamp from Revolutionary France in 1794, referencing Maximilien Robespierre's Cult of the Supreme Being. It reads: "The People of France Recognize the Supreme Being and the Immortality of the Soul".
Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Definition
Henry V of England
Henry V of England ruled as king from 1413 to 1422. Succeeding his father Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413), Prince Henry established himself as a fine military leader in battles against English and Welsh rebels in the first decade of the...

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Marie de France
Marie de France (wrote c. 1160-1215 CE), from an illuminated manuscript now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France: BnF, Arsenal Library, Ms. 3142 fol. 256.

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Map of New France, 1612 CE
Map of New France 1612 CE by Samuel de Champlain (1567?-1635 CE).
National Library of France.

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Mary, Queen of Scots & Francis II of France
A c. 1559 illustration of Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567) and her first husband, Francis II of France (r. 1559-1560).
National Library of France, Paris.

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Louis XVII of France
Portrait of the dauphin Louis-Charles de France (1785-1795), recognized by royalists as King Louis XVII of France. Oil on canvas by Alexander Kucharsky, 1792.
Palace of Versailles.

Definition
Richard I of England
Richard I of England, also known as Richard the Lionheart (Cœur de Lion), reigned as king of England from 1189 to 1199. The son of Henry II of England (r. 1154-1189) and Eleanor of Aquitaine (c. 1122-1204), Richard was known for his courage...

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Portrait of Louis XVI of France
Portrait of Louis XVI of France, oil on canvas painting by Antoine-François Callet, 1786.
Musée Carnavalet, Paris.