Mamluk Sultanate: Did you mean...?

Shihab al-Din (also Muʿizz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam), popularly known as Muhammad Ghori (r. 1173-1206 CE), was the Muslim ruler who laid the foundation for the subsequent Islamic ruling dynasties of India which saw its pinnacle later in the...

A shirt of chainmail and plate armour belonging to Sultan Qaitbay (r. 1468–1496 CE) of the Mamluk Sultanate. The mail is made of iron and copper alloy. The gold-damascened steel plates are intricately engraved with scrolling foliage and vines...

A helmet belonging to Sultan Qaitbay (r. 1468–1496 CE) of the Mamluk Sultanate. Collection of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.

The Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE) was led by the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) who intended to conquer Egypt and take over Jerusalem, both then controlled by the Muslim Ayyubid Dynasty. Despite the initial success of capturing Damietta...

Old Dongola (aka Dungulah or Dunkula), located in modern Sudan, was the capital of the ancient Nubian kingdom of Dongola (aka Makuria or Makurra) which flourished from the 6th to 14th century CE. A Christian kingdom for at least 750 years...

The Crusader States (aka the Latin East or Outremer) were created after the First Crusade (1095-1102) in order to keep hold of the territorial gains made by Christian armies in the Middle East. The four small states were the Kingdom of Jerusalem...

Suleiman the Magnificent (aka Süleyman I or Suleiman I, r. 1520-1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Hailed as a skilled military commander, a just ruler, and a divinely anointed monarch during his lifetime...

A statue of the Mamluk Sultan of Cairo, Saif ad-Din Qutuz (r. 1259-1260 CE)

Silver dirham of the first Mamluk Sultan Aybak minted in Cairo in 1256 CE.

Illustration of the 1366 battle on the Nile river, fought between the forces of the Mamluk emir Yalbugha (c. 14th Century CE-1366 CE) and the Sultan Al-Ashraf Sha'ban (r. 1363–1377).