Mamluk Sultanate: Did you mean...?

Throughout the 15th century, the Portuguese Crown yearned for a piece of the Far Eastern spice trade. For centuries this trade had been dominated by the Venetians who obtained pepper, cloves, nutmeg, ginger and cinnamon from their Middle...

The Mongol Empire accepted and promoted many other cultures. Historians often talk about cultural exchange across Asia in the Mongol Empire as something that was just facilitated by peace and stability across such a huge area – the 'Pax Mongolica'...

A map of the campaign leading to the Battle of Ain Jalut — in 1260 CE.

Bronze bust of Sultan Baibars (aka Baybars) in Cairo, at the National Military Museum.

The mausoleum-madrasa-maristan complex of Qalawun at Bayn al-Qasrayn (al-Muizz street), Cairo.

14th-century CE illustration from a manuscript of depicting the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (Battle of Homs), 1299 CE, in which the Mamluks were routed by the forces of the Mongol Ilkhanate. BNF Nouvelle acquisition française 886, fol. 31v

An abridged commentary on the Qur’an from Mamluk Egypt, 1478. Museum no. MSL/1869/7219, folio 2a. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London

Fort Qaitbey, Alexandria, Egypt, built by the Mamluk ruler Quait-bey (r. 1468-1496 CE) between 1477-1480 CE. The fort stands a the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

The National Museum of Beirut is the principal museum of archaeology in Lebanon. About 1300 artifacts are exhibited, ranging in date from prehistoric times to the medieval Mamluk period.

A map illustrating the empire and campaigns of Timur (from the Chagatai word for iron) at its biggest extent before his death in 1405. Timur the Lame (Timur-i Leng from Persian, Tamerlane as it had evolved in English or Timūr Gurkānī, son-in-law...