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Article
Diversity in Church Architecture in Medieval England
Medieval English churches differed in size and layout. Their original and evolving role(s), financial and material resources, and architectural fashions helped determine variability. However, their look ultimately grew from a constant symbiosis...
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Europe at the End of World War One, November 1918
A map illustrating the situation in Europe in mid-November 1918, in the immediate aftermath of World War I (The Great War or First World War). The armistice on November 11 (Armistice of Compiègne) marked the end of one of the deadliest conflicts...
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Europe on the Eve of the First World War, 1914
A map illustrating the situation in Europe as it teetered on the brink of World War I (1914-18). The political landscape was marked by intricate alliance systems and fierce imperial rivalries among European powers, especially between the...
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Migration Period in Europe During the 4th & 5th Century
A map illustrating migrations of various peoples across fractured Europe and Western Asia after the division of the Roman Empire at the end of the 4th Century CE.
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Unam Sanctam: Spiritual Authority & the Medieval Church
The Unam Sanctam (1302) was a papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII (served 1294-1303) requiring the complete submission of all people, including kings, to the authority and dictates of the pope. As the Church was understood as holding...
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The Spread of the Plague in Europe, 1346 - 1353
A map illustrating the rapid spread of the 14th-century plague pandemic commonly known as the "Black Death", across Europe and the Middle East. The second such pandemic (after the 541 - 549 outbreak during the reign of the Roman emperor Justinian...
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Europe Before the Fall of Constantinople, c. 1450
A map illustrating the political situation in Europe, East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa around 1450, just before the fall of Constantinople, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II, the Conqueror, and the transformation...
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Europe at the Peace of Westphalia, 1648
A map illustrating the situation in Europe after the Peace of Westphalia was signed in Osnabrück and Münster between May and October 1648. The two treaties ended the Thirty Years’ War (initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic...
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The First World War in Europe, May 1917
A map illustrating the situation in Europe around May 1917, during the First World War (World War I or The Great War), as the conflict had already raged on for nearly three years. The United States had recently entered the war, beginning...
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Map of Europe, 400 CE
Map of Europe in 400 CE
