Medieval Europe: Did you mean...?

This image gallery showcases several digital reconstructions of medieval castles, keeps and fortifications built throughout the Middle Ages. These defensive structures were built to ward off invaders and act as centres of government. Castles...

A map of Europe displaying important cities that shaped its history, from antiquity to the present. Cities on the map represent key centers throughout history. Each city represents a distinct period from Athens, Rome, and Constantinople (now...

A medieval Teutonic Knight was a member of the Catholic military Deutscher Orden or Teutonic Order, officially founded in March 1198 CE. The first mission of the Teutonic knights was to help retake Jerusalem from the Arabs in the Third Crusade...

This map illustrates the situation in Europe in November 1920 in the aftermath of First World War (1914-18), as the continent was reshaped by the Treaty of Versailles (1919) and the Treaty of Sèvres (1920). The German Empire had collapsed...

The Congress of Vienna (September 1814–June 1815) was a major diplomatic settlement that sought to rebuild Europe after more than two decades of revolutionary and Napoleonic warfare (1792–1815). Led principally by Austria, Russia, Great Britain...

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (reign 1558–1603), England underwent a decisive commercial transformation, expanding its trade networks across northern and southern Europe at a moment of shifting geopolitical and economic balance. The...

The mid-19th century transformation of Europe was driven above all by the unification of Italy and Germany, which reduced long-standing political fragmentation and introduced powerful new nation-states into an already competitive continental...

This map illustrates the geopolitical situation in Europe in the lead-up to the Second World War (1939-45) as authoritarianism and totalitarianism were on the rise across the continent, fueled by political instability, economic crises, and...

One of the major motivating factors in the European Age of Exploration was the search for direct access to the highly lucrative Eastern spice trade. In the 15th century, spices came to Europe via the Middle East land and sea routes, and spices...

During World War II (1939-1945), Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler (rule 1933-1945) carried out the Holocaust, a systematic, state-directed genocide that resulted in the murder of approximately six million Jews, alongside millions of other...