Moscow: Did you mean...?

Around 1450 CE, Europe and the Middle East were defined by fragmentation, declining medieval powers, and the rise of new regional states. The Byzantine Empire had contracted to Constantinople and a few outposts, while the Ottoman Empire under...

This map illustrates the Russian Revolution of 1905, a wave of political and social unrest across the Russian Empire following defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5). The revolution was sparked by Bloody Sunday on 22 January 1905, when...

A teacher with three discipuli, relief found in Neumagen near Trier, c. 180-185 CE. Photo of casting in Pushkin Museum, Moscow.

The Byzantine icon of the Virgin and Child known as the Vladimir Icon, painted c. 1131 CE in Constantinople. Restoration following fire damage means that only the faces are original. (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)

A diorite stele with an inscription of Hammurabi's code of laws. Susa, Babylonia, 18th century BCE. Cast of the original now in the Louvre, Paris. (Pushkin Museum, Moscow)

Bird's-eye view of the Kremlin from the southwest (Moskva River), Moscow, Russia. Photo taken in 1987 by Georgy Nadezhdin /TASS photo chronicle/.

Portrait of Ivan IV, oil on canvas by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1897. The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

An illustration from a 9th century CE manuscript, the Chludov Psalter, showing the destruction of icons in the Byzantine church. (State Historical Museum, Moscow)

Detail of a 19-century CE painting depicting the Battle of Kulikovo (1380 CE). By Ivan Blinov, on display at the State Historical Museum, Moscow.

The view of the Moscow Kremlin from the balcony of the House on the Embankment. Photo taken in 2019 by photographer Semyon Borisov.