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Definition
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE, also given as Sassanian, Sasanid or Sassanid) was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, son of Papak, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown...
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Mughal Coin of Nur Jahan
Silver Mughal coin bearing the name of Queen Nur Jahan (c. 1577-1645), wife of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (r. 1605-1627).
Article
Mehrauli Archaeological Park
Mehrauli Archaeological Park is situated in Delhi, just beside the Qutb Complex (historically Mehrauli was the first of the seven cities of Delhi). Spanning an area of more than 200 acres (80 ha), the site displays the rich heritage of India...
Definition
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
Definition
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (1240-1645) of West Africa was founded by Sundiata Keita (r. 1230-1255) following his victory over the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235). Sundiata's centralised government, diplomacy and well-trained army permitted a massive...
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Mughal Calligraphy & Ornamentation
Examples of illuminated calligraphy and ornamentation from two Mughal folios. Ink with opaque watercolour and gold on paper. The calligraphy is by Mir 'Ali, 16th century, Iran; borders, (left) about 1610 – 20, (right) c. 1630 – 50, Mughal...
Article
The Ideology of the Holy Roman Empire
"The Holy Roman Empire was in no way holy, nor Roman, nor an empire," wrote Voltaire, and this interpretation still dominates the popular imagination, so the Holy Roman Empire is treated as a bad joke, a pale parody of the glory of Rome...
Interview
Interview: Rome Strategy of Empire by James Lacey
In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author James Lacey to chat about his new book Rome: Strategy of Empire published by Oxford University Press. Kelly: Can you tell us a little bit about your background...
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Bracelet with Mughal Miniature Portraits
Gold bracelet with miniature portraits of three Mughal emperors and their royal wives, watercolors on ivory by Indian Mughal miniaturists in Delhi (1860-1870). The third oval from the left is a portrait of the last Mughal emperor...
Definition
Songhai Empire
The Songhai Empire (aka Songhay, c. 1460 - c. 1591) covered what is today southern Mauritania and Mali. It replaced the Mali Empire (1240-1645) as the most important state in West Africa. Originating as a smaller kingdom along the eastern...