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Nebuchadnezzar II
Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605/604-562 BCE) was the greatest King of ancient Babylon during the period of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 BCE), succeeding its founder, his father, Nabopolassar (r. 626-605 BCE). He is best known from the biblical...

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Chronicle of Nabopolassar
The cuneiform inscriptions on this clay tables narrates the chronicle of the years 608-605 BCE. Nabopolassar (reigned 658-605 BCE) was the king of Babylon and the father of Nebuchadnezzar II. After the fall of Nineveh, Naboplolassar vied...

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Terracotta Cylinder of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar
This document records the king’s reconstructive work on the wall of the city of Babylon. From Babylon (modern Babel governorate), neo-Babylonian era, 625-605 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The British Museum, London).

Definition
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were the fabled gardens which beautified the capital of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, built by its greatest king Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605-562 BCE). One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, they are the only...

Definition
Ishtar Gate
The Ishtar Gate was constructed by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II circa 575 BCE. It was the eighth gate of the city of Babylon (in present-day Iraq) and was the main entrance into the city. The Ishtar Gate was part of Nebuchadnezzar's...

Definition
Babylon
Babylon is the most famous city from ancient Mesopotamia whose ruins lie in modern-day Iraq 59 miles (94 km) southwest of Baghdad. The name is derived from bav-il or bav-ilim, which in Akkadian meant "Gate of God" (or "Gate of the Gods"...

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Brick Stamped with the Name of Nebuchadnezzar II
King Nebuchadnezzar II's building program at Babylon used around 15,000,000 baked bricks. Thousands bore his name and titles stamped into the clay: "Nebuchadnezzar...the eldest son of Nabopolassar, King of Babylon, am I". On this brick, a...

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The Sun God Tablet or the Tablet of Shamash from Sippar
The Sun God tablet from the Temple of Shamash at Sippar, Southern Mesopotamia modern-day Iraq, Middle Babylonian Period, 860-850 BCE. The upper part of the tablet has a carved panel. Nabu-nadin-shum (a priest) and the goddess Aa lead Nabu-apla-iddina...

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Detail of the Sun God Tablet from Sippar
This is the upper part of the obverse side of the tablet, which was excavated by Hormuzd Rassam in the late 19th century CE. Nabu-nadin-shum (a priest) and the goddess Aa lead Nabu-aplu-iddina (a king of Babylon, reigned 888 – 855 BCE) to...

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Clay Cover of the Tablet of Shamash (II)
This is a fired clay cover of the sun god (Shamash) tablet. Its purpose was to protect the obverse side (face) of the tablet. It has retained the impression of the carved panel of the tablet. The Babylonian king Nabu-apla-iddina (reigned...