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The Steel Industry in the British Industrial Revolution
The production of steel during the British Industrial Revolution became cheaper and more reliable thanks to the Bessemer converter, a type of blast furnace that removed undesirable impurities from pig iron. The superior strength and durability...

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What is Stonehenge? The Mysteries of the Neolithic Stone Circle
Stonehenge is a stone circle that dates back to the Neolithic period, in c. 3000 BCE on the Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire in Southern England. It wasn’t a site built in the late Neolithic period which then sat stagnant for five thousand years...

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Neolithic Gold Bead
A gold bead from the dolmen d'Er Roh, La Trinite Sur Mer, France, 2200-2000 BCE.
Vannes Archaeological Museum, France.

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Neolithic Chinese Jar
This jar dates from the 26th century BCE and is made of earthenware with pigments. It was made by the Majiayao Yangshao culture during the Banshan phase (c. 2655-2330 BCE). (Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University...

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Neolithic Mounds at Knowth
Knowth near Slane, County Meath, Ireland

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The Thermometer & the Scientific Revolution
The thermometer was invented in the mid-17th century during the Scientific Revolution when scientists began to search for an accurate instrument to measure a wide range of temperatures using a scale that could be compared with other readings...

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Clocks in the Scientific Revolution
Keeping good time proved an elusive objective for centuries, and it was only in the second half of the 17th century, during the Scientific Revolution (1500-1700), that clocks were made which lost seconds rather than minutes each day. The...

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The Telescope & the Scientific Revolution
The invention of the telescope in 1608 is usually credited to the Dutchman Hans Lippershey. The astronomical telescope became one of the most important of all instruments during the Scientific Revolution when figures like Galileo (1564-1642...

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Neolithic Clay Altar Figurine of a Mother Goddess
Neolithic clay altar figurine of a mother goddess from Tumba Madzari, North Macedonia, the second half of the 6th millennium BCE. Archaeological Museum of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje. Tumba Madzari (lit. hill of the tomb) is a Neolithic...

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Women Scientists in the Scientific Revolution
Women scientists during the Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) were few in number because male-dominated educational institutions, as well as scientific societies and academies, barred women entry, meaning that few had the education or opportunity...