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Discovery of X-Rays
Article by Kim Martins

Discovery of X-Rays

The discovery of X-rays – a form of invisible radiation that can pass through objects, including human tissue – revolutionised science and medicine in the late 19th century. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923), a German scientist, discovered...
Prize amphora showing a chariot race
Video by The British Museum

Prize amphora showing a chariot race

Chariot-racing was the only Olympic sport in which women could take part, as owners of teams of horses. Kyniska, a princess of Sparta, was the first woman to win the Olympic crown in this sport. British Museum curator Judith Swaddling describes...
Discovery of Penicillin
Article by John Horgan

Discovery of Penicillin

The age of antibiotics began in September 1928, with the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming (1881-1955), then a professor of bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Previously there were no effective treatments against a...
Ten Pioneering Women in Science
Image by Simeon Netchev

Ten Pioneering Women in Science

Throughout history, women in science have made groundbreaking discoveries, often pushing the boundaries of knowledge despite being overlooked and underrecognized. Many of their contributions have reshaped entire fields, from mathematics and...
Robert Koch
Image by Unknown Photographer

Robert Koch

Portrait of Robert Koch (1843-1910), published in 1907 in Les Prix Nobel.
Munich Agreement
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement, signed on 30 September 1938 at the Munich Conference attended by the leaders of Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, handed over the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to Germany in the hope that this act of appeasement would...
Ancient Egyptian Writing
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Egyptian Writing

Ancient Egyptian writing is known as hieroglyphics ('sacred carvings') and developed at some point prior to the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150 -2613 BCE). According to some scholars, the concept of the written word was first developed in...
Manticore
Definition by Liana Miate

Manticore

The manticore, derived from the Early Middle Persian merthykhuwar or martiora, meaning "man-eater" (also known as a mantichora or a martichore), is a fearsome hybrid creature found in classical and medieval literature. It has the body of...
Jean-Paul Sartre
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) was a French existentialist philosopher who defined the existentialist movement in the 20th century. Considered the consummate intellectual, he was not only the author of philosophical works but also a biographer...
Harrison's Marine Chronometer
Article by Mark Cartwright

Harrison's Marine Chronometer

John Harrison (1693-1776) invented an accurate marine chronometer after several decades of research and development. While the pendulum clock had already been invented in the 17th century, a clock that could withstand the vagaries of the...
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