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Spanish Conquest & Exploration in South America in the 16th Century
A map illustrating Spain’s drive to expand its empire in South America following the occupation of the larger Caribbean islands by 1512. The promise of gold drove the Spaniards far and wide across the continent, from the Isthmus of Panama...

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Conquest of the City of Luchiuni
The cuneiform inscription on this rock narrates the conquest of the city of Luchiuni at Transcaucasia by King Menua. Menua was the 5th king of Urartu. c. 810 to c. 785/80 BCE. From Cholakert/Vorgebirge of Ararat (of extreme eastern Turkey...

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Saint Margaret of Scotland
Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1046-1093 CE) was, as the second wife of Malcolm III (r. 1058-1093 CE), the queen of Scotland from 1070 CE until her death in November 1093 CE. A princess of the royal house of Wessex, she brought Anglo-Saxon...

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Warring States of China and Qin conquest, c. 250 BCE
A map illustrating the two and a half centuries of Chinese history commonly known as the age of the Warring States. During this period Zhou dynasty's vassal states declared themselves independent. They fought for territory as the more powerful...

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Tablet Describing Parthian Conquest of Babylonia
This tablet is written in cuneiform inscription and refers to the defeat of the Seleucid king Demetrius II Nicator by the Parthian ruler Mithradates I in 141 BCE. The Parthian ruler is referred to as Arshaka. The text also refers to market...

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Conquest of Ayyubid Syria by Mongols
A map showing Mongol movements and targets in the year 1260 CE in the Levant (Palestine and Syria).

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Conquest of Smyrna During the Turkish War of Independence
Depicted here in a 1922 CE oil painting, the Turkish capture of Smyrna now Izmir (known as the Liberation of Izmir in Turkish) on 9 September 1922 CE, following the successful Great Smyrna Offensive which effectively sealed the Turkish victory...

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Henry I of England
Henry I reigned as the king of England from 1100 to 1135 CE. The son of William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087 CE), Henry succeeded his brother William II of England (r. 1087-1100 CE) after he had died in a hunting accident and left no heir...

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Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos (Alexius Comnenus) was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118 CE. Regarded as one of the great Byzantine rulers, Alexios defeated the Normans, the Pechenegs, and, with the help of the First Crusaders, the Seljuks...

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Mont-Saint-Michel
Mont-Saint-Michel is the name of a tidal island located off the coasts of Normandy and Brittany, near the mouths of the Couesnon River and the town of Avranches in France. While the island of Mont-Saint-Michel has held cultural, religious...