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Carolingian Dynasty
The Carolingian Dynasty (751-887) was a family of Frankish nobles who ruled Francia and its successor kingdoms in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. The dynasty expanded from Francia as far as modern Italy, Spain, and...

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Exsurge Domine
Exsurge Domine (“Arise, O Lord” in Latin) is a papal bull issued 15 June 1520 by Pope Leo X (served 1513-1521) condemning Martin Luther’s 95 Theses as heresy along with any other works by Luther or those who supported him. Luther burned the...

Definition
Matilda of Tuscany
Matilda of Canossa (c. 1046-1115), the Countess of Tuscany (r. 1055-1115) and Vice-Queen of Italy (r. 1111-1115), was the final head of the noble House of Canossa following the deaths of her father in 1052 and her elder brother in 1055. One...

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Warring States of China and Qin conquest, c. 250 BCE
A map illustrating the two and a half centuries of Chinese history commonly known as the age of the Warring States. During this period Zhou dynasty's vassal states declared themselves independent. They fought for territory as the more powerful...

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United States Expansion after the Treaty of Paris in 1783
A map illustrating the expansion of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris (September 3, 1783), which ended the War of the American Revolution, recognized U.S. independence, and granted it sizeable additional territory...

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Westward Exploration and Settlement of the United States c.1850
A map illustrating the patterns and routes of westward exploration and settlement in the United States after the “Louisiana Purchase” from France in 1803. As Napoleonic dreams of a great North American Empire gave way to French hegemonic...

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Map of the United States, 1874
A map of the United States, showing each of its states, published by D.G. Beers & Co. in 1874.
From the Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library.

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Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
A scene at the signing of the US Constitution, oil on canvas painting by Howard Chandler Christy, 1940.
United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.

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Constitution of the United States
Constitution of the United States, 17 September 1787.
National Archives and Records Administration, Washington D.C.

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Baltic States 1100-1400 CE
This map illustrates the Baltic states in the period 1100-1400 CE.