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Johannes Gutenberg
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Johannes Gutenberg

Johannes Gutenberg (l. c. 1398-1468) was the inventor of the printing press (c. 1450) who seems to have developed the device from wine and oil presses of the time. Gutenberg’s printing press not only revolutionized book making but literally...
Benjamin Franklin
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an American printer, writer, scientist, inventor, and diplomat, often regarded as a Founding Father of the United States. He rose to prominence as editor of The Pennsylvania Gazette and author of Poor Richard's...
A Traditional Japanese House
Article by Mark Cartwright

A Traditional Japanese House

The traditional house of ancient and medieval Japan (1185-1606 CE) is one of the most distinctive contributions that country has made to world architecture. While the rich and powerful might have lived in castles and villas, and the poor...
Papermaking Machine
Image by Chris55

Papermaking Machine

As with many inventions during the Industrial Revolution, the papermaking machine was something of a collaborative affair. This model is of one of the early machines developed by the Frenchman Nicholas Louis Robert (1761-1828) in 1799. The...
Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World
Book Review ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ by Batuhan Aksu

Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World

Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World, penned by the retired art historian Jonathan Max Bloom from Boston College, offers a comprehensive exploration of the prominence of paper in Islamic history and its...
Ancient Chinese Calligraphy
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Chinese Calligraphy

Calligraphy established itself as the most important ancient Chinese art form alongside painting, first coming to the fore during the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE). All educated men and some court women were expected to be proficient at...
Illuminated Manuscripts
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Illuminated Manuscripts

Illuminated manuscripts were hand-made books, usually on Christian scripture or practice, produced in Western Europe between c. 500-c. 1600. They are so called because of the use of gold and silver which illuminates the text and accompanying...
Achievements of the Han Dynasty
Article by Mark Cartwright

Achievements of the Han Dynasty

The achievements of the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE), often regarded by scholars and the ancient Chinese themselves as the golden era of Chinese culture, would have lasting effects on all who followed, particularly in the areas of government...
Ethnicity & Identity Within the Four-Room House
Article by Dana Murray

Ethnicity & Identity Within the Four-Room House

The process of determining ethnicity is a problematic venture, even more so when interpreted through the archaeological record. Despite this issue, evidence, such as the four-room house, has been preserved that can be interpreted to represent...
George W. Crooks' Account of the Dakota War of 1862
Article by Joshua J. Mark

George W. Crooks' Account of the Dakota War of 1862

George W. Crooks' Account of the Dakota War of 1862 is a narrative of the events leading up to the "Minnesota Massacre" known as the Dakota War of 1862, given by the Dakota gentleman George W. Crooks (l. c. 1856-1947) in 1937 when he was...
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