Partition of Poland: Did you mean...?

The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) ordered the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Hitler's refusal to withdraw brought a declaration of war from Britain and France on 3 September, and so began the Second World War (1939-45...

Prince Józef Poniatowski (1763-1813) was a Polish soldier and patriot, who served as commander-in-chief of the Polish army during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). A steadfast ally of French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815), Poniatowski...

Portrait of Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, the last King of Poland, in his coronation robes, oil on canvas by Marcello Bacciarelli, 1764. Royal Castle of Warsaw.

Portrait of Augustus II of Poland (r. 1694-1733), the Elector of Saxony. Commonly known as Augustus II the Strong, oil on canvas by Louis de Silvestre, c. 1720. Nationalmuseum, Stockholm.

Three young Jewish boys on the street in Chełm, Nazi-occupied Poland. They are all wearing a Star of David badge on their coats. The photograph was taken between 8 August and 13 September 1941, by a soldier who was stationed in the town with...

A formation of Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive-bomber during the attack on Poland in 1939 in the first year of the Second World War (1939-45). (German Federal Archives)

Portrait of Ladislaus Vasa, oil on canvas, 1620s. By Peter Paul Rubens. Wawel Castle, Krakow.

The Nazi-Soviet Pact, also called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact after the respective foreign ministers of the USSR and Germany, was a non-aggression agreement signed in August 1939. The pact allowed the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945...

The Phoney War was the period from the start of the Second World War (1939-45) when Britain and France declared war against Germany on 3 September until the start of significant military action in the West in the spring of 1940. While Poland...

The Grand Embassy was the name given to the long Western European tour that Tsar Peter I of Russia (aka Peter the Great, r. 1682-1725) undertook during 1697-1698. Peter was joined by hundreds of people, including noblemen, his friends, volunteers...