Philip II of France: Did you mean...?

Charles Philippe de France, comte d'Artois (1757-1836), during the French Revolution, oil on canvas painting by Henri-Pierre Danloux, 1798. As the youngest brother of King Louis XVI, Artois was one of the first emigres to flee France after...

The crown and salamander symbol used by Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547 CE). From the Château d'Amboise, France.

The Hellenistic World (from the Greek word Hellas for Greece) is the known world after the conquests of Alexander the Great and corresponds roughly with the Hellenistic Period of ancient Greece, from 323 BCE (Alexander's death) to the annexation...

Isabella of France and her army with the body of Hugh Despenser in the background, illustration from a 15th-century manuscript by Jean Pichore, Royal MS 15 E IV, f. 316v. British Library, London.

Road sign at the entrance of the martyred village of Oradour-sur-Glane, France, where 643 innocent victims perished at the hands of soldiers of the SS Waffen Panzer das Reich division on 10 June 1944 during the Second World War (1939-45...

Portrait of Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547), oil and oak wood by Jean Clouet, between 1527 and 1530. Louvre, Paris.

Antipater (c. 399-319 BCE) was a Macedonian statesman and loyal lieutenant of both Alexander the Great and his father Philip II of Macedon. As a regent in Alexander's absence, Antipater subdued rebellions and mollified uprisings, proving...

A stamp from Revolutionary France in 1794, referencing Maximilien Robespierre's Cult of the Supreme Being. It reads: "The People of France Recognize the Supreme Being and the Immortality of the Soul". Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Marie de France (wrote c. 1160-1215 CE), from an illuminated manuscript now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France: BnF, Arsenal Library, Ms. 3142 fol. 256.

Map of New France 1612 CE by Samuel de Champlain (1567?-1635 CE). National Library of France.