Portugal: Did you mean...?

Queen Catherine of Braganza as Saint Catherine of Alexandria, oil on canvas by Jacob Huysmans, c.1664-70. State Entrance, Hillsborough Castle Royal Collection Trust

Queen Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705), oil on canvas after Sir Peter Lely, circa 1660-1705. Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire National Trust.

The Art Nouveau period (c. 1890-1910 CE) saw the facades of Portuguese houses and buildings decorated with the flowing, curved lines of flowers, plants, vines, leaves, insects and animals that were typical of the...

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between...

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a Corsican-born French general and politician who reigned as Emperor of the French with the regnal name Napoleon I from 1804 to 1814 and then again briefly in 1815. He established the largest...

The Knights Templar were established c. 1119 and given papal recognition in 1129. It was a Catholic medieval military order whose members combined martial prowess with a monastic life to defend Christian holy sites and pilgrims...

The Thirteen Colonies were a cluster of British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard of North America. Founded for a variety of reasons – economic, political, and religious – the colonies emerged with their own distinct...

The ancient Celts were various tribal groups living in parts of western and central Europe in the Late Bronze Age and through the Iron Age (c. 700 BCE to c. 400 CE). Given the name Celts by ancient writers, these tribes and their...

By the 18th century, European power had become truly global through a combination of maritime expansion, state-backed commerce, and military force. The leading Atlantic empires, Spain, Portugal...

The English East India Company (EIC or EEIC), later to become the British East India Company, was founded in 1600 as a trading company. With a massive private army and the backing of the British government, the EIC looted the...