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Ptolemy I Soter
Image by Marie-Lan Nguyen

Ptolemy I Soter

Bust of Ptolemy I Soter, king of Egypt (305 BC–282 BC) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The identification is based upon coin effigies.
Arsinoe II Philadelphus
Definition by Branko van Oppen

Arsinoe II Philadelphus

Arsinoe II (l. c. 318/311 - c. 270/268 BCE), daughter of Ptolemy I became one of the most enduring figures of the Lagid or Ptolemaic Dynasty and left an undeniable mark in the historical evidence. She was married three times; first to Alexander...
Portrait of Ptolemy I or II of Egypt
Image by James Blake Wiener

Portrait of Ptolemy I or II of Egypt

This limestone portrait from the Early Ptolemaic Period (323-246 BCE) depicts either Ptolemy I or Ptolemy II of Egypt. Exact provenance is unknown. (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto)
Ptolemy's Letter to Flora
Article by John S. Knox

Ptolemy's Letter to Flora

Although many Christians, theologians, and denominations have advocated for the idea that all biblical texts within the canon are one in spirit, authority, and ultimate authorship, not every reader of the Bible has come to the same conclusion...
Elephant Symbolism on the Coins of Ptolemy I
Image by Branko van Oppen

Elephant Symbolism on the Coins of Ptolemy I

Two coins issued by Ptolemy I: 1) A portrait of the deified Alexander the Great wearing an elephant scalp on his head, with a ram’s horn over his temple, and an aegis (sacred fleece) over his shoulder; on the reverse Athena Alcidemus, the...
Bust of Ptolemy I
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bust of Ptolemy I

This is a fragment of a basalt statue of Ptolemy I (general of Alexander the Great), who founded the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt. He wears the Egyptian royal headdress and the protective serpent. It is said that it was found in the lining...
Wars of the Diadochi
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Wars of the Diadochi

On June 10, 323 BCE Alexander the Great died in Babylon. Although historians have debated the exact cause most agree that the empire he built was left without adequate leadership for there was no clear successor or heir. The military commanders...
The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Ancient Egypt: From Ptolemy I to Cleopatra VII
Video by Kelly Macquire

The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Ancient Egypt: From Ptolemy I to Cleopatra VII

The Ptolemaic dynasty in Ancient Egypt began under the rule of Ptolemy I Soter, whose goal was to make Egypt great again and he did that by putting the country back on solid economic and administrative footing, and it ended with Cleopatra...
Library of Alexandria
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Library of Alexandria

The Library of Alexandria was established under the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (323-30 BCE) and flourished under the patronage of the early kings to become the most famous library of the ancient world, attracting scholars from around the...
Arsinoë IV
Definition by Arienne King

Arsinoë IV

Arsinoë IV (d. 41 BCE) was a Ptolemaic princess who rebelled against her sister Cleopatra VII during the Alexandrian War in 48 BCE. After being defeated by Cleopatra's ally Julius Caesar, she was a captive in his Roman triumph. Arsinoë later...
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