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Underground Railroad
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Underground Railroad - Pathways to Freedom

The Underground Railroad was a decentralized network of White abolitionists, free Blacks, former slaves, Mexicans, Native Americans, and others opposing slavery in the United States who established secret routes and havens to help slaves...
W. M. Mitchell's The Underground Railroad
Article by Joshua J. Mark

W. M. Mitchell's The Underground Railroad - A Firsthand Account of the Struggle for Freedom

William M. Mitchell (circa 1826 to circa 1879) was a free-born Black overseer in North Carolina who, after 12 years managing slaves on a plantation, experienced a religious awakening, condemned slavery, left North Carolina for Ohio, and became...
Routes of the Underground Railroad
Image by Wilbur Henry Siebert

Routes of the Underground Railroad

Routes of the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe havens to help slaves escape, illustration from The underground railroad from slavery to freedom by Wilbur Henry Siebert, 1898.
The Underground Railroad: Crash Course Black American History #15
Video by CrashCourse

The Underground Railroad: Crash Course Black American History #15

Escape was one of the many ways that enslaved people resisted their captivity in the system of American slavery. The Underground Railroad was not literally a railroad. It was a network of people, routes, and safe houses that helped people...
Lear Green
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Lear Green - Escaping Slavery in a Chest

Lear Green (circa 1839-1860) was an enslaved African American woman in Baltimore, Maryland, who had herself shipped in a chest to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to escape slavery. Her story is frequently compared to that of Henry Box Brown (circa...
The Inside Story: The Underground Railroad
Video by Half Price Books

The Inside Story: The Underground Railroad

Steve Leach, aka the HPB Buy Guy, shares the stories behind The Underground Railroad by Rev. W. M. Mitchell.
Buffalo and the Plains Indians
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Buffalo and the Plains Indians

The buffalo were essential to the Plains Indians, and other Native American nations, as they were not only a vital food source but were regarded as a sacred gift the Creator had provided especially for the people. Buffalo (bison) supplied...
William Still
Image by Unknown Photographer

William Still - Father of the Underground Railroad

William Still (1819-1902), the abolitionist known as the "Father of the Underground Railroad" for the records of escaped slaves he kept and later published as The Underground Railroad Records in 1872, c. 1898.
Solomon Northup
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Solomon Northup - 12 Years a Slave

Solomon Northup (circa 1807/1808 to circa 1857/1864) was a free-born African American living in New York State when he was kidnapped in 1841 and sold into slavery. Northup was held in bondage for 12 years before he was freed through the efforts...
Roman Baths
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Roman Baths

Roman baths were designed for bathing and relaxing and were a common feature of cities throughout the Roman empire. Baths included a wide diversity of rooms with different temperatures, as well as swimming pools and places to read, relax...
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