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Year Formulae of King Shulgi of Ur
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg)

Year Formulae of King Shulgi of Ur

Terracotta tablet listing the year formulae of King Shulgi of Ur. From Southern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, Ur III period, 2094-2047 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul.
The Debate Between Bird and Fish
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Debate Between Bird and Fish

The Debate Between Bird and Fish (c. 2000 BCE) is a Sumerian poem dated to the Ur III Period (2047-1750 BCE) when the genre of the literary debate was especially popular. The poem is the earliest extant on the theme of difficult neighbors...
Tombs of King Shulgi
Video by Michael Meyer

Tombs of King Shulgi

U.S. Army soldiers explore the ancient City of UAncient City of Ur, exploring the Tombs of King Shulgi, builder of the Ziggurat of Ur. This video broadcast at various times on Armed Forces Network (AFN) worldwide in Oct- Nov 2006.
Ur
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ur - The Great Biblical City Abandoned by the Gods

Ur was a city in the region of Sumer, in southern Mesopotamia, and its ruins lie in what is modern-day Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq. According to biblical tradition, the city is named after the man who founded the first settlement there, Ur, though...
Code of Ur-Nammu
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Code of Ur-Nammu

The Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100-2050 BCE) is the oldest extant law code in the world. It was written by the Sumerian king Ur-Nammu (r. 2047-2030 BCE) or his son Shulgi of Ur (r. 2029-1982 BCE) centuries before the famous Code of Hammurabi was...
Sumer
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sumer - The Cradle of Civilization

Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day southern Iraq and parts of Kuwait), which has long been considered the cradle of civilization. The name comes from Akkadian, the language of the north of Mesopotamia, and...
Mesopotamian Literature
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Literature

Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes, who had formerly been record keepers, began composing original works in the region of Sumer. The Sumerians invented writing c. 3500 BCE, refined the script c. 3200 BCE...
Wall
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Wall

The English word 'wall' is derived from the Latin, vallus meaning 'a stake' or 'post' and designated the wood-stake and earth palisade which formed the outer edge of a fortification. The palisades were in use early on and are mentioned by...
Trade in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Trade in Ancient Mesopotamia - How Commerce Encouraged Civilization

Local trade in ancient Mesopotamia began in the Ubaid period (circa 6500-4000 BCE), had developed into long-distance trade by the Uruk period (circa 4000-3100 BCE), and was flourishing by the time of the Early Dynastic period in Mesopotamia...
Ur-Nammu
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ur-Nammu - Founder of the Sumerian Renaissance

Ur-Nammu (c. 2112-c. 2094) was the founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur in Sumer who initiated the so-called Ur III Period (c. 2112-c.2004 BCE) also known as the Sumerian Renaissance. He is best known as the king who composed the oldest extant...
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