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Passover in the Hebrew Bible
Passover is a Jewish festival celebrated since at least the 5th century BCE, typically associated with the tradition of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt. According to historical evidence and modern-day practice, the festival was...

Article
Pilgrimage in the Byzantine Empire
Pilgrimage in the Byzantine Empire involved the Christian faithful travelling often huge distances to visit such holy sites as Jerusalem or to see in person relics of holy figures and miraculous icons on show from Thessaloniki to Antioch...

Article
A Roman Trail in the Moselle Valley
The Moselle Valley is Germany's oldest winegrowing region. The Romans brought viticulture to this area and planted vines along the Moselle River 2000 years ago. After settling the region c. 50 BCE and establishing the city of Trier (Augusta...

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French Cavalry Charge at the Battle of Eylau
On 8 February 1807, the second day of the Battle of Eylau, Marshal Joachim Murat leads the French Cavalry Reserve in a massive charge; involving over 11,000 men, it is one of the greatest cavalry charges of history. Painting by Jean-Antoine-Siméon...

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Attack on the Cemetery of Eylau
On 7 February 1807, the first day of the Battle of Eylau, French and Russian forces battled over the church and cemetery of the village of Eylau, each pouring more men into the slaughter. The French possessed the cemetery by day's end, though...

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The Twelve Tribes of Israel
Mosaic of the 12 Tribes of Israel. Givat Mordechai Etz Yosef synagogue facade, Ha Rav Gold street, in Jerusalem.
Top row: Reuben, Judah, Dan, Asher
Middle: Simeon, Issachar, Naphtali, Joseph
Bottom: Levi, Zebulun, Gad, Benjamin

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Parthian Cataphract
A visualization of a Parthian cataphract (from the Greek word kataphraktos - fully armored) in action against the Roman military formation.
Artist: Simeon Netchev
Research, analysis, and inspiration: Patrick Scott Smith, M. A.

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Porta Nigra, Trier
The Porta Nigra in Trier (Germany) is the best-preserved Roman city gate north of the Alps. Constructed in grey sandstone around 170 CE, it guarded the northern entry to the Roman town of Augusta Treverorum. While the other three city gates...

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Siege of Toulon
Siege of Toulon, 1793. Painting by Jean-Antoine-Siméon Fort.

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What was Feudalism in Medieval Europe?
Feudalism was a system of social society present during the high middle ages in Europe between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. Feudalism can be understood as a hierarchical society where the king owned most of the land, he would distribute...