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The Spanish Main and Caribbean Pirate Havens c. 1670
A map illustrating the routes of the Treasure Fleet (the New Spain and the Terra Firma Fleet) alongside the Spanish Main (the parts of the Spanish Empire on the mainland of the Americas with coastlines on the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of...
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Spanish Colonial Empire in the Age of Exploration
A map illustrating the rise of Spain into a global colonial and trading power following the European Age of Exploration of the 15th Century.
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Spain and the Spanish Indies
A map illustrating one of the most significant processes of the early modern period - the rise and decline of Spain between the late fifteenth and the late seventeenth centuries. From a patchwork of kingdoms in the north of the Iberian peninsula...
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The Spanish Main & the West Indies c.1720
A map illustrating the changing balance of colonial power among the Spanish, English, and French Empires in the 1700s along the coastlines of the Americas, specifically in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. This region, referred to...
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Spanish Conquest & Exploration in North America in the 16th century
A map illustrating Spain’s drive to expand its empire following the 1492 Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula and Columbus's discovery of America. Inspired by tales of land and instant riches, thousands flocked to the New World with hopes...
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Spanish Galleon Firing Cannons
A detail of a 17th-century painting by Cornelis Verbeeck showing a Spanish galleon firing its cannons. In the complete painting, the ship is in combat with a Dutch vessel c. 1618 in an unknown location. (National Gallery of Art, Washington...
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Spanish Galleon
A 1734 copper print of a Spanish galleon. The text reads: Por Golfos mas procelosos, con valor, aresto y zelo, hace gala de Neptuno, esta Nave con su vuelo. - "Through the worst stormy waters, with courage, purpose, and zeal, this ship shows...
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Spanish Torture of American Peoples
An illustration showing the torture of indigenous American peoples by Spanish conquistadors. From the 1552 edition of A Very Brief Recital of the Destruction of the Indies by Bartolomé de las Casas which was a graphic indictment of the exploitation...
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Cartagena on the Spanish Main
A c. 1589 map showing the port of Cartagena on the Spanish Main (now in modern Colombia). Cartagena was one of the main ports for the Spanish treasure fleets and acted as a collecting point for gold, silver, emeralds, and pearls from Colombia...
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John Hawkins
Sir John Hawkins (1532-1595 CE) was an Elizabethan mariner, merchant and naval administrator who has the inglorious (if not wholly accurate) record of being England's first slave trader. In the 1560s CE Hawkins trafficked slaves from West...
