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Byzantine Coinage
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine Coinage

The coinage of the Byzantine Empire continued that of its more ancient predecessors and functioned as a convenient method of payment for goods and services, especially to soldiers and officials, and as a means for people to pay their taxes...
Louisiana Purchase
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal made in 1803, in which the United States purchased 828,000 square miles (2,144,510 km²) of land west of the Mississippi River from France for $15 million, or an average of three cents per acre. The purchase...
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

The Chesapeake-Leopard affair was an incident that took place off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807 when the British warship HMS Leopard fired on and boarded an American frigate USS Chesapeake while searching for deserters from...
W. M. Mitchell's The Underground Railroad
Article by Joshua J. Mark

W. M. Mitchell's The Underground Railroad - A Firsthand Account of the Struggle for Freedom

William M. Mitchell (circa 1826 to circa 1879) was a free-born Black overseer in North Carolina who, after 12 years managing slaves on a plantation, experienced a religious awakening, condemned slavery, left North Carolina for Ohio, and became...
American Revolution
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

American Revolution

The American Revolution (1765-1789) was a period of political upheaval in the Thirteen Colonies of British North America. Initially a protest over parliamentary taxes, it blossomed into a rebellion and led, ultimately, to the birth of the...
Trail of Tears: Memorial and Protest of the Cherokee Nation by John Ross
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Trail of Tears: Memorial and Protest of the Cherokee Nation by John Ross

The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of the "Five Civilized Tribes" – Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek, and Seminole – from their ancestral lands in the Southeastern region of the United States to "Indian Territory" (modern-day...
John Adams
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

John Adams

John Adams (1735-1826) was an American lawyer, statesman, and diplomat who was a prominent leader of the American Revolution (1765-1789) before going on to serve as the first vice president (1789-1797) and second president of the United States...
Qanat
Definition by Corey S. Vaughan

Qanat

The qanat (called foggara in North Africa and the Levant, falaj in the United Arab Emirates and Oman, kariz in Iran, and puquios in Peru) is an ancient Middle Eastern irrigation technique in which a long tunnel is dug into arid land that...
European Discovery & Conquest of Sri Lanka
Article by James Hancock

European Discovery & Conquest of Sri Lanka

The island of Sri Lanka (formerly known as Ceylon) became a focus of European attention soon after the Portuguese entry into the Indian Ocean in the late 15th century. Large swaths of the island would come first under Portuguese control...
Kikuyu People
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Kikuyu People

The Kikuyu people (aka Gikuyu or Agikuyu) are a Bantu-speaking people who occupied territory in what is today central Kenya in East Africa from the 17th century onwards. They established themselves primarily as agriculturalists around Mount...
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