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Formulas for Year Names of the Kings of Ur
This fragment of a clay tablet mentions certain formulas of naming years depending on major historical events. From Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. Early dynastic period, 2800-2300 BCE. The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq.

Video
The History of New Zealand's Matariki: Maori New Year and Star Cluster
Matariki is the name of a star cluster that can be seen from New Zealand in the early morning of the months in mid-winter. New Zealand's Matariki is the name for the Maori New Year and the star cluster. It is one of the brightest star clusters...

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Four Coffins of the Victims of the Boston Massacre
A newspaper clipping from the Boston Gazette reporting on the funeral of four of the victims of the Boston Massacre, represented by an image of four coffins, each bearing the initials of a victim. These names from left to right include: Samuel...

Definition
French Republican Calendar
The French Republican calendar, also known as the French Revolutionary calendar, was created during the French Revolution (1789-1799) in an attempt to build a new society separate from the vestiges of the Ancien Régime. First implemented...

Interview
Interview: Barry Strauss on Ten Caesars
Dr. Barry Strauss' Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Constantine tells the epic story of the Roman Empire from its rise to its eastern reinvention, from Augustus, who founded the empire, to Constantine, who made it Christian and...

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Four Khanates of the Mongol Empire
A map of the four Khanates of the Mongol Empire, after its division in 1259 CE.

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The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System
This infographic illustrates the Varna caste system in ancient India. First mentioned in the Rig Veda's Purusha Sukta c. 1200–1000 BCE, it shows society divided into four groups that emerged from the sacrifice of Purusha, a transcendent and...

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Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
Porphyry sculpture portraying the four Tetrarchs (Diocletian, Maximianus, Galerius and Constantius Chlorus) embracing. It is dated to c. 300 CE and was sculpted in Asia Minor. It probably originally decorated two separate pillars in Constantinople...

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Eos in Her Four-horse Chariot
Eos in her four-horse chariot, detail of terracotta red-figure lekanis vase attributed to the Stuttgart group, from Canosa, late 300s BCE.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

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Four Greek Philosophers
Marble portrait heads of four Greek philosophers (Socrates, Antisthenes of Athens, Chrysippus, and Epicurus), Roman copies after Hellenistic originals.
The British Museum, London.