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Four Khanates of the Mongol Empire
A map of the four Khanates of the Mongol Empire, after its division in 1259 CE.

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The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System
This infographic illustrates the Varna caste system in ancient India. First mentioned in the Rig Veda's Purusha Sukta c. 1200–1000 BCE, it shows society divided into four groups that emerged from the sacrifice of Purusha, a transcendent and...

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Map of the Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1492 - 1504
This map illustrates the four voyages of Christopher Columbus between 1492 and 1504, commissioned by Queen Isabella I of Castile (reign 1474–1504) and King Ferdinand II of Aragon (reign 1479–1516). Overlaid on the prevailing winds and currents...

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Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
Porphyry sculpture portraying the four Tetrarchs (Diocletian, Maximianus, Galerius and Constantius Chlorus) embracing. It is dated to c. 300 CE and was sculpted in Asia Minor. It probably originally decorated two separate pillars in Constantinople...

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Eos in Her Four-horse Chariot
Eos in her four-horse chariot, detail of terracotta red-figure lekanis vase attributed to the Stuttgart group, from Canosa, late 300s BCE.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

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Four Greek Philosophers
Marble portrait heads of four Greek philosophers (Socrates, Antisthenes of Athens, Chrysippus, and Epicurus), Roman copies after Hellenistic originals.
The British Museum, London.

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The Four Elements
The Four Elements. Painting by Mana Lesman. Used with the permission of the artist.

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Bottles with Four Tubes from Roman Cologne and Trier
Four tubes are connected to the upper and lower portions of these ancient Roman glass bottles. The tubes were created by carefully cutting and bending the body of a free-blown glass bottle. Like similar piece from Trier, the Cologne bottle...

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Apkallu with Four Wings
Alabaster bas-relief of an Apkallu with four wings. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Panel 26, Room B, the North-West Palace at Nimrud, modern-day Iraq. (The British Museum, London)

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Bare-headed Apkallu with Four Wings
This fragmented alabaster bas-relief depicts an Assyrian Apkallu, a protective spirit or genie. The striking features are that he is bare-headed (he does not wear a horned helmet or diadem) and his four wings, all of them, appear en face...