Adrianople: Did you mean...?

The Empire of Nicaea was a successor state to the Byzantine Empire, or rather a Byzantine Empire in exile lasting from 1204 to 1261 CE. The Empire of Nicaea was founded in the aftermath of the sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade...

The cataclysmic end of the Roman Empire in the West has tended to mask the underlying features of continuity. The map of Europe in the year 500 would have been unrecognizable to anyone living a hundred years earlier. Gone was the solid boundary...

We have prepared five lesson plans including classroom activities, assignments, homework, and keys as well as: Multiple choice quiz questions in an excel format Glossary of keywords and concepts in an excel format Open questions adaptable...

Here you will find a 5-minute podcast explaining in simple terms why Rome fell, a short text to fill in and a diagram to complete based on that podcast. The transcript and answer keys are all included. You also have a choice of two wrap-up...

A map illustrating the reign of Krum the Fearsome (Bulgarian: Крум Страшни), a pagan khan of Bulgaria from about 800 until his death in 814. During his time on the throne, Krum embarked on an aggressive campaign of territorial expansion...

Mehmed II enters Constantinople through the Adrianople Gate on his way to the Hagia Sophia, painting by Fausto Zonaro (1854-1929).

Bukelon Fortress ruins, Thrace (modern-day Bulgaria), ruins from the 12-14th century CE. This site was mentioned in reports from the Battle of Adrianople in the 4th century CE.

The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. Building upon the foundation laid by the Roman Republic, the empire became the largest and most powerful political and...

The Third Crusade (1189-1192 CE) was launched to retake Jerusalem after its fall to the Muslim leader Saladin in 1187 CE. The Crusade was led by three European monarchs, hence its other name of 'the Kings' Crusade'. The three leaders were...

The Second Crusade (1147-1149) was a military campaign organised by the Pope and European nobles to recapture the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia which had fallen in 1144 to the Muslim Seljuk Turks. Despite an army of 60,000 and the presence...