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Philip II of Macedon
Although he is often only remembered for being the father of Alexander the Great, Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359 BCE - 336 BCE) was an accomplished king and military commander in his own right, setting the stage for his son's victory over...

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Alexander Sarcophagus (detail)
The Alexander Sarcophagus is a late 4th century BCE stone sarcophagus adorned with bas-relief carvings of Alexander the Great. The Alexander Sarcophagus is one of four massive carved sarcophagi, forming two pairs, that were discovered during...

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Colossal Statues of Philip II and Alexander III in Skopje
Colossal statues of Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BCE) and Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) in Skopje. The Skopje 2014 (2010-2014) was a project involving the construction of 136 monumental buildings, bridges, statues, and fountains...

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Alexander the Great
Marble head of Alexander the Great, found in the Kerameikos in Athens, c. 300 BCE. Alexander wears the lion’s pelt, a common iconographic feature in depictions of the young king on coins, which hints at his descent from the mythical hero...

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Wall Block Inscribed with the Name of Alexander the Great
Marble wall block from the temple of Athena Polias at Priene, inscribed with the name of Alexander the Great, c. 334-330 BCE. The British Museum, London. Around 340 BCE, the inhabitants of Priene were laying out their new city, terraced...

Definition
Treaties of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two peace treaties signed in July 1807 by Emperor Napoleon I of France (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and the monarchs of Russia and Prussia in the aftermath of the Battle of Friedland. The treaties ended the War of the...

Definition
Lysimachus
Lysimachus (c. 361-281 BCE) was one of Alexander the Great's trusted bodyguards and a member of his Companion Cavalry. Although he obtained Macedonian citizenship, his father was a Thessalian named Agathocles. After the death of Alexander...

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Coins from Macedonia and Sogdia Copying Alexander's Coinage
The State of Sogdia was conquered by the army of Alexander the Great in 327 BCE. The early coins from Sogdia copy the coins of Alexander's Empire, telling us that they were issued after the conquest. Comparisons like this allow ancient coins...

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The Empire of Alexander the Great
A map showing the Empire of Alexander the Great, his conquests, and the routes he took (334 BC - 323 BC). Major cities, roads, and battles are indicated.

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Severus Alexander Bust, Milan
First half 3rd century CE, this marble bust depicts Emperor Severus Alexander (225-235 CE). Unknown provenance.
(Archaeological Museum, Milan)