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Tyre
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Tyre

Tyre (in modern-day Lebanon) is one of the oldest cities in the world, dating back over 4,000 years, during which it has been inhabited almost continuously. It was one of the most important, and at times the dominant, city of Phoenicia, whose...
John Balliol
Definition by Mark Cartwright

John Balliol

John Balliol ruled as the king of Scotland from 1292 to 1296 CE. He was supported by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE) in the competition to find the successor to the heirless Alexander III of Scotland (r. 1249-1286 CE), a process known...
Bimetallic Medallion of Emperor Severus Alexander
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bimetallic Medallion of Emperor Severus Alexander

Medallions with designs similar to coins could be worn as a symbol of allegiance, or given as prestigious gifts. They were specifically intended to be attractive, as display or presentation pieces. Bimetallic medallion of the Roman Emperor...
Alexander Sarcophagus (detail)
Image by Carole Raddato

Alexander Sarcophagus (detail)

The Alexander Sarcophagus is a late 4th century BCE stone sarcophagus adorned with bas-relief carvings of Alexander the Great. The Alexander Sarcophagus is one of four massive carved sarcophagi, forming two pairs, that were discovered during...
Aristotle
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Aristotle

Aristotle of Stagira (l. 384-322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher who pioneered systematic, scientific examination in literally every area of human knowledge and was known, in his time, as "the man who knew everything" and later simply as "The...
Alexander the Great
Image by Carole Raddato

Alexander the Great

Marble head of Alexander the Great, found in the Kerameikos in Athens, c. 300 BCE. Alexander wears the lion’s pelt, a common iconographic feature in depictions of the young king on coins, which hints at his descent from the mythical hero...
Colossal Statues of Philip II and Alexander III in Skopje
Image by Nathalie Choubineh

Colossal Statues of Philip II and Alexander III in Skopje

Colossal statues of Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BCE) and Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) in Skopje. The Skopje 2014 (2010-2014) was a project involving the construction of 136 monumental buildings, bridges, statues, and fountains...
Arrian
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Arrian

Lucius Flavius Arrianus, commonly known as Arrian (86 - c. 160 CE) was a Greek historian, philosopher, and statesman from Nicomedia, capital of the Roman province of Bithynia. Arrian is recognized as one of the most renowned authors of the...
Wall Block Inscribed with the Name of Alexander the Great
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Wall Block Inscribed with the Name of Alexander the Great

Marble wall block from the temple of Athena Polias at Priene, inscribed with the name of Alexander the Great, c. 334-330 BCE. The British Museum, London. Around 340 BCE, the inhabitants of Priene were laying out their new city...
Olympias: Mother to Alexander the Great and Second Wife of Phillip II of Macedon
Video by Kelly Macquire

Olympias: Mother to Alexander the Great and Second Wife of Phillip II of Macedon

Olympias, born with the name Myrtle, was the daughter of Neoptolemus, the king of Epirus, which was a Greek kingdom southwest of Macedonia and became the second wife of Philip II of Macedon, and is probably best known as the mother of Alexander...
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