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Battle of Adwa
Image by The Trustees of the British Museum

Battle of Adwa

The Battle of Adwa (1896), oil on canvas painting by an unknown artist in Ethiopia, 1940s. The British Museum, London. The battle is hugely important in the history of Ethiopia, cementing national pride (at least among Amhara) and the country's...
Mussolini's Head Sculpture in Adwa
Image by Unknown Photographer

Mussolini's Head Sculpture in Adwa

Monumental sculpture of the head of Benito Mussolini, the leader of fascist Italy from 1922 to 1945, realised in 1935 near Adwa, Ethiopia. The sculpture was later demolished during the Second World War (1939-45).
Italian Colonialism in Eritrea
Article by Fabio Sappino

Italian Colonialism in Eritrea

Eritrea, located on the Red Sea coast of the Horn of Africa, was the ‘firstborn’ colony of Italy. The potential of a trade centre and naval base at Assab first attracted Italian interests in 1869. The Kingdom of Italy, however, did not officially...
Battle of Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain, dated 10 July to 31 October, 1940 by the UK Air Ministry, was an air battle between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force and allies during the Second World War (1939-45). The Luftwaffe failed to achieve...
Battle of Salamis
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Salamis

The Battle of Salamis was a naval battle between Greek and Persian forces in the Saronic Gulf, Greece in September 480 BCE. The Greeks had recently lost the Battle of Thermopylae and drawn the naval Battle at Artemision, both in August 480...
Battle of the Metaurus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Battle of the Metaurus

The Battle of the Metaurus (207 BCE) was a military engagement fought between the forces of Rome under Gaius Claudius Nero (c. 237 - c. 199 BCE), Marcus Livius Salinator (254-204 BCE), and L. Porcius Licinius and the Carthaginians under Hasdrubal...
Battle of Marathon
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Marathon

The Battle on the plain of Marathon in September 490 BCE between Greeks and the invading forces of Persian king Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) was a victory that would go down in folklore as the moment the Greek city-states showed the world their...
Battle of the Little Bighorn
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Battle of the Little Bighorn

The Battle of the Little Bighorn (25-26 June 1876) is the most famous engagement of the Great Sioux War (1876-1877). Five companies of the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer (l. 1839-1876) were wiped out in one day by the...
Battle of Teutoburg Forest
Article by Karen Schousboe

Battle of Teutoburg Forest

At the Battle of Teutoburg Forest (aka Battle of Varus), c. 9 CE, a combined force of Germans annihilated a Roman army consisting of three legions including three squadrons of cavalry and six cohorts of auxiliary troops. As some soldiers...
Battle of Wattignies
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Wattignies

The Battle of Wattignies was a significant battle in the War of the First Coalition, part of the wider French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). It was fought on 15-16 October 1793 between a ragtag army of the First French Republic and a professional...
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