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Battle of Alesia
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Battle of Alesia

The Battle of Alesia was a decisive Roman victory in Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars in September 52 BCE. Roman commander Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) and his legions faced a united Gallic army under the command of Vercingetorix (82-46 BCE), chief...
Oppidum
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Oppidum - The Hilltop Fort of the Celts

Celtic hilltop forts, often called oppida (sing. oppidum), after the Latin name given to larger settlements by the Romans, were built across Europe during the 2nd and 1st century BCE. Surrounded by a fortification wall and sometimes with...
Siege of Alesia
Image by The Creative Assembly

Siege of Alesia

This is an artistic 3D model of how the Battle of Alesia may have looked. In this decisive Roman victory (September 52 BCE), Julius Caesar defeated the Arverni leader Vercingetorix, completing the Roman conquest of Gaul.
Reconstruction of the Rampart of the Circumvallation, Alesia
Image by Carole Raddato

Reconstruction of the Rampart of the Circumvallation, Alesia

Reconstruction of the rampart of the circumvallation at Alesia (France). The rampart consisted of a terrace (agger) surmounted by a parapet and towers. The terrace was built up with packed earth extracted from trenches. It was protected...
Vercingetorix
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Vercingetorix

Vercingetorix (82-46 BCE) was a Gallic chieftain who rallied the tribes of Gaul (modern-day France) to repel the Roman invasion of Julius Caesar in 52 BCE. His name means "Victor of a Hundred Battles" and was not his birth name but a title...
The Ancient Celtic Pantheon
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Ancient Celtic Pantheon

The ancient Celtic pantheon consisted of over 400 gods and goddesses who represented everything from rivers to warfare. With perhaps the exception of Lugh, the Celtic gods were not universally worshipped across Iron Age Europe but were very...
Warfare
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Warfare

Warfare is generally understood to be the controlled and systematic waging of armed conflict between sovereign nations or states, using military might and strategy, until one opponent is defeated on the field or sues for peace in the face...
Alesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars
Video by Kings and Generals

Alesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars

Previously in our historical animated documentary series on the Gallic Wars of Gaius Julius Caesar, we have covered the battle of Gergovia http://bit.ly/2Sklcle between Vercingetorix and his Gallic alliance, and the legions of Caesar. Although...
Battle of Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain, dated 10 July to 31 October, 1940 by the UK Air Ministry, was an air battle between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force and allies during the Second World War (1939-45). The Luftwaffe failed to achieve...
Battle of Salamis
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Salamis

The Battle of Salamis was a naval battle between Greek and Persian forces in the Saronic Gulf, Greece in September 480 BCE. The Greeks had recently lost the Battle of Thermopylae and drawn the naval Battle at Artemision, both in August 480...
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