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This map shows the boundaries of all major civilizations in East Asia at the beginning of the first millennium, with italics indicating nomadic bands and other tribal societies.

This map shows the territories of all major civilizations in East Asia in the year 500 CE. Italicized texts indicate nomadic bands or tribal societies.

This map shows the division of the Roman Empire into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire, circa 395 CE under the reign of Emperor Theodosius I.

The Periplus Ponti Euxini (“Circumnavigation of the Black Sea”), written by Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–after 146 CE), is a major example of Roman geographical and...

This map illustrates the geopolitical situation in the Levant after the death of Herod the Great (ruled 37–4 BCE), the ambitious client king of Judea appointed by the Roman Senate. His death marked...

The rise of the Huns in the 5th century CE reshaped the political landscape of Late Antiquity, culminating under Attila the Hun (reign 434-453 CE). Emerging...

Hadrian’s African journey (128 CE) was a concentrated inspection of Rome’s military establishment and southern frontier in North Africa. Travelling from Rome...

In the ancient world, some coins had dates on them. giving us precise information as to when people ruled. These coins are inscribed with dates, so they give fixed points in the chronology of ancient states, to...

The Year of the Four Emperors (69 CE) was a moment of deep instability in the Roman Empire, marked by the rapid succession of Galba (June 68–January 69 CE), Otho (January–April 69 CE), Vitellius (April–December...

The Roman incorporation of Gaul began with the campaigns of Julius Caesar (58–51 BCE) and resulted in the gradual transformation of a diverse Celtic...