Ce: Did you mean...?

Hadrian’s Wall was constructed from c. 122 CE onward during the reign of Emperor Hadrian (reign 117–138 CE) as part of a broader imperial strategy to consolidate, rather than endlessly expand, Roman...

Map of Europe in 400 CE

Paul the Apostle undertook multiple journeys across the Roman Empire to spread his teachings, establish communities, and support early Christian groups. Paul's journey to Rome, undertaken as a prisoner...

This map depicts the boundaries of all major civilizations in East Asia at the beginning of the Three Kingdoms Period of China, with italics indicating nomadic bands and other tribal...

A map showing various territories that were carved up by local rulers in the late 9th Century CE, either under the suzerainty of the Abbasid Dynasty or in rebellion against the Abbasid Empire.

A map of the Iberian peninsula c. 1000 CE showing the divide between the Muslim Caliphate of Cordoba in the south and the Christian kingdoms in the north.

A map indicating the territory of the Mamluk Sultanate based in Cairo, 1317 CE.

The Periplus Ponti Euxini (“Circumnavigation of the Black Sea”), written by Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–after 146 CE), is a major example of Roman geographical and...

A map illustrating Roman rule in the Balkans around 200 CE, characterized by significant administrative, military, and cultural integration into the Empire. The region was divided into several provinces (Moesia...

The Bosporan Kingdom (c. 480 BCE–341 CE) emerged around the Cimmerian Bosporus (modern Kerch Strait) as a hybrid Greco-local state founded by Greek colonists from cities such...