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The Comte d'Artois, Later Charles X of France
Charles Philippe de France, comte d'Artois (1757-1836), during the French Revolution, oil on canvas painting by Henri-Pierre Danloux, 1798. As the youngest brother of King Louis XVI, Artois was one of the first emigres to flee France after...

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Charles I Insulted by Cromwell's Soldiers
A 19th-century painting by Paul Delaroche titled "Charles I Insulted by Cromwell's Soldiers". Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was handed over to the Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) in 1648 during the English Civil...

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Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was an accomplished cavalry commander, then head of Parliament's New Model Army, and finally Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The latter title was awarded to Cromwell for life after the bloody...

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Attempted Arrest of Five MPs by Charles I
A 19th century painting showing the attempted arrest of five Members of Parliament by Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) in January 1642. Painting by Charles West Cope (House of Parliament, London)

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Charles Vane
An illustration of the English pirate Charles Vane, active in the Caribbean and off the east coast of North America in the Golden Age of Piracy. Vane was tried and hanged in Jamaica in 1720. (From an early edition of A General History of...

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France During the Reign of Charles the Simple
A map indicating in red the territory controlled by Charles the Simple, aka Charles III of West Francia (r. 893-923 CE)

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The Execution of Charles I
A c. 1649 painting showing the execution of Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) in London on 30 January 1649. By Jan Weesop. (Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh)

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William Harvey & Charles I
A painting showing William Harvey (1578-1657) demonstrating to King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) his theory of the circulatory system.

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Charles I on Horseback by Anthony Van Dyck
A 1633 painting of Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) by Anthony van Dyck. (Royal Collection, Windsor Castle)

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Cromwell & the Dead King Charles
An 1831 painting by Paul Delaroche showing Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) examining the dead body of King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) after the English Civil War (1642-51). (Hamburger Kunsthalle, Grmany)