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Medieval Castle
Medieval castles were built from the 11th century CE for rulers to demonstrate their wealth and power to the local populace, to provide a place of defence and safe retreat in the case of attack, defend strategically important sites like river...

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The City of Walls: Constantinople - Lars Brownworth
The world owes much of its cultural legacy to Constantinople's walls. When Constantinople was under seige by neighboring enemies, the Roman city's elaborate system of moats, outer walls, and inner walls stood tall. Surviving numerous fire...

Article
Visiting the Ancient City of Babylon
We had a 4-day national holiday. Meaning what? No clinic and no hospital! I said to myself, “It's been a long time since I have visited Babylonia.” I drove my car for about 11 hours, continuously. Finally, I was there. I went to my uncle's...

Article
Mandu - City of Joy
The city of Mandu is situated about 35 km from Dhar in the Madhya Pradesh region of northern-central India. Most of the city's monuments date to the 15th and 16th century CE. The city is located on a hill which rises 633 m above the sea level...

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Chester Walls: Civil War Damage
Siege damage to the Chester City Walls following the First English Civil War, 1645 - 1646 CE.

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Skulls, Temples & Churches: A Visit to the Walled City of Evora
The sunbaked plain of the Alentejo region in central Portugal is called planicie dourada (golden plain) by the Portuguese, and it is dotted with cork oak forests, vineyards, olive groves, and hilltop towns with whitewashed houses. 'Alentejo'...

Article
An Ancient City Beneath Rome: Visiting The Catacombs of Priscilla
Any visitor to Rome will want to see and explore the popular historical and cultural sites - the Colosseum, the Forum, the Trevi Fountain and, of course, the Vatican. But a large part of the city's ancient history actually lies underground...

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Piraeus & The Long Walls
An illustration of the Long Walls fortifications which connected the city of Athens to its port of Piraeus from the 5th century BCE.

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Gate, Theodosian Walls
One of the ten gates of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, completed c. 413 CE.

Article
City on Both Riverbanks - Visiting Amphipolis
This visit filled me with great pride. I was about to explore the history of my home region. The things that were happening ages ago to the place that my ancestors called home. My home city, on the banks of the Strymon river, is a very ancient...