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Augustus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Augustus

Augustus Caesar (27 BCE - 14 CE) was the name of the first and, by most accounts, greatest Roman emperor. Augustus was born Gaius Octavius Thurinus on 23 September 63 BCE. Octavian was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, and...
Cleopatra | Top 5 Facts
Video by History Answers

Cleopatra | Top 5 Facts

Scandalous lover, shrewd negotiator and owner of a lovely nose…, here are five facts on the Queen of the Nile, Cleopatra VII For more historical facts and features, visit http://www.historyanswers.co.uk/ Or purchase the latest issue...
Cleopatra's Portraiture
Image by Branko van Oppen

Cleopatra's Portraiture

Coin portraits in particular show how Cleopatra wanted to be presented. Though varied in their facial features, her portraits emphasize her position of power as Ptolemaic queen. Sculptural portrait attributed to Cleopatra (Gregorian Profane...
Cleopatra in Ancient Portraiture
Image by Branko van Oppen

Cleopatra in Ancient Portraiture

Ancient portraits of Cleopatra depict her assertive, but certainly not unattractive features. The wide royal headband (diadēma) and traditional wavy coiffure express her sovereignty based on her Lagid descent. Silver tetradrachm struck...
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
Definition by Tom Cox

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (The Father-loving God, born 62/61 BCE, died 47 BCE) was pharaoh of Egypt from 51 BCE until his death. His reign began as co-ruler with his sister, the famous Cleopatra VII, following the wishes of their father...
Cleopatra's Death
Image by Reginald Arthur

Cleopatra's Death

Painting by Reginald Arthur from 1892 CE, depicting the legendary death of Cleopatra by snakebite.
Cleopatra VII, Philopator
Image by Panagiotis Constantinou

Cleopatra VII, Philopator

A face re-creation based on, the Bust of Cleopatra VII (l. c. 69-30 BCE, r. 51-30 BCE), that is a granite bust currently on display in the Gallery of Ancient Egypt at the Royal Ontario Museum. It is believed to have been discovered in Alexandria...
Cleopatra's Nose, Blaise Pascal
Image by Branko van Oppen

Cleopatra's Nose, Blaise Pascal

“The nose of Cleopatra: if it had been shorter, the whole face of the earth would have changed” ~ Blaise Pascal, Pensées 162. On the basis of portrait coins struck by Cleopatra, philosophers such as Blaise Pascal (1623-1662 CE) assumed...
Second Triumvirate
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Second Triumvirate

The Second Triumvirate was a political association of convenience between three of Rome's most powerful figures: Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian in the 1st century BCE. Following the assassination of Julius Caesar the three vowed revenge...
Cleopatra as Isis-Aphrodite
Image by George Shuklin

Cleopatra as Isis-Aphrodite

This black basalt statue from Egypt portrays the Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII as Isis-Aphrodite (c. 51-30 BCE). Most Ptolemaic queens associated themselves with the goddess but none more famously than Cleopatra. In her own lifetime, she...
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