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The Propaganda of Octavian and Mark Antony's Civil War
Article by Jesse Sifuentes

The Propaganda of Octavian and Mark Antony's Civil War

Propaganda played an important role in Octavian (l. 63 BCE - 14 CE) and Mark Antony's (l. 83 – 30 BCE) civil war, and once victorious at the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), Octavian returned home to become the first Roman emperor. The decade preceding...
Ptolemy XII
Definition by Arienne King

Ptolemy XII

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (r. 80-51 BCE) was king of Ptolemaic Egypt and father of Cleopatra VII (r. 51-30 BCE). His illegitimate birth and drunkenness inspired ridicule, and he was nicknamed "Auletes" ("the Flute-Player") for his musicianship...
Mural of Cleopatra and Caesarion as Venus and Cupid
Image by Unknown Artist

Mural of Cleopatra and Caesarion as Venus and Cupid

This mid-1st Century BCE mural portrays a statue of Venus and the infant Cupid in the Temple of Venus Genitrix, Rome. The statue has been identified as the infamous gilded statue of Cleopatra VII as Venus that Julius Caesar unveiled during...
Silver Tetradrachm Portraying Antony and Cleopatra
Image by Sailko

Silver Tetradrachm Portraying Antony and Cleopatra

This silver tetradrachm portrays the Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII on one side, and the Roman triumvir Mark Antony on the other (1st century BCE). Cleopatra's profile has been made to resemble the features of her husband Mark Antony in the...
Bust of Cleopatra
Image by Louis le Grand

Bust of Cleopatra

Marlbe bust of Cleopatra VI of Egypt form 30-40 BC. Altes Museum Berlin.
Elizabeth Taylor as Cleopatra VII
Image by 20th Century Fox

Elizabeth Taylor as Cleopatra VII

The iconic cinematic performance of Elizabeth Taylor in the motion picture Cleopatra (1963) left a lasting impression of the Egyptian queen’s supposed beauty. Despite its emphatic opulence, the movie still implies that Cleopatra could only...
Juba II & Cleopatra Selene II
Image by Roma Numismatics, Ltd

Juba II & Cleopatra Selene II

Coin of Juba II (r. 29 BCE - 23 CE) and Cleopatra Selene II (c. 40 BCE - 5 BCE). Obverse: Diademed Juba II with the legend "Rex Iuba" (Latin, "King Juba"). Reverse: Draped and diademed Cleopatra Selene II with legend "Basilissa Kleopatra"...
Crocodile Denarius of Cleopatra Selene II
Image by Roma Numismatics, Ltd

Crocodile Denarius of Cleopatra Selene II

Silver denarius from the reign of Juba II (r. 29 BCE - 23 CE) and Cleopatra Selene II (c. 40 - 5 BCE). Obverse: Juba II with the legend "Rex Iuba" (Latin, "King Juba"). Reverse: Egyptian crocodile with legend "Basilissa Kleopatra" (Greek...
Relief of Cleopatra VII and Caesarion at the Dendera Temple
Image by Olaf Tausch

Relief of Cleopatra VII and Caesarion at the Dendera Temple

This relief from one of the walls of the Dendera Temple in Egypt portrays Cleopatra VII along with her son Caesarion as Pharaoh. Cleopatra had intended for her son to succeed her as ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, however her defeat at the...
Roman Portrait of Cleopatra
Image by Sergey Sosnovskiy

Roman Portrait of Cleopatra

This marble copy of a portrait dates to between 40-30 BCE and is believed to depict the Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII. The bust is in fairly good condition although the nose has broken off. A broken off piece of marble on the statue's...
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