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An Encomendero Abusing a Labourer
An illustration from the 16th century Codex Kingsborough showing the abuses of the encomienda forced labour system in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. (British Museum, London)
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Aztec Agriculture
An illustration from the Florentine Codex depicting Aztecs storing maize.
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Medieval Noble Taking His Bath
An illustration of a medieval noble taking his bath and being attended to by servants. (Codex Manesse, 14th century CE, Zurich, Switzerland)
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The Devil Selling Indulgences
The devil is selling indulgences.
Illustration from the Jena Codex, 1490-1510 CE.
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Gospel of Thomas
Ending of the Apocryphon of John and the beginning of the Gospel of Thomas, Nag Hammadi Codex II, folio 32, 4th century CE.
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A Manila Galleon in the Ladrones Islands
A 1590 illustration showing a Spanish Manila galleon in the Ladrones Islands (Mariana Islands) in the Pacific Ocean. (From the Boxer Codex)
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Xipe Totec
Xipe Totec, the Mesoamerican god of spring and patron of planting, seeds, and goldsmiths, and particularly worshipped by the Aztecs, as depicted in the Codex Barbonicus. Human sacrifices were made to the god and the skins of the victims worn...
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Medieval Falconry
An illustration of medieval falconry, a popular sport across Europe in the Middle Ages. (Codex Manesse, 14th century CE, Zurich, Switzerland)
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Medieval Chess Game
A medieval chess game, popular across Europe in the Middle Ages, illustration from the Codex Manesse, produced in Zürich, Switzerland, 14th century.
University Library of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Aztec Warriors
Aztec warriors in typical costume of elite ranks with back racks displaying group insignia. They each carry an obsidian-bladed spear. From the Codex Mendoza, folio 67. (Bodleian Library, Oxford)
