Codex: Did you mean...?

An illustration of a medieval noble taking his bath and being attended to by servants. (Codex Manesse, 14th century CE, Zurich, Switzerland)

An illustration from the Florentine Codex depicting Aztecs storing maize.

A 1590 illustration showing a Spanish Manila galleon in the Ladrones Islands (Mariana Islands) in the Pacific Ocean. (From the Boxer Codex)

An illustration from the 16th century Codex Kingsborough showing the abuses of the encomienda forced labour system in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. (British Museum, London)

Portrait of the Devil, Codex Gigas, f. 290r., created in the early 13th century CE in Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic). National Library of Sweden, Stockholm.

Aztec warriors in typical costume of elite ranks with back racks displaying group insignia. They each carry an obsidian-bladed spear. From the Codex Mendoza, folio 67. (Bodleian Library, Oxford)

The devil is selling indulgences. Illustration from the Jena Codex, 1490-1510 CE.

Ending of the Apocryphon of John and the beginning of the Gospel of Thomas, Nag Hammadi Codex II, folio 32, 4th century CE.

A medieval chess game, popular across Europe in the Middle Ages, illustration from the Codex Manesse, produced in Zürich, Switzerland, 14th century. University Library of Heidelberg, Germany.

Xipe Totec, the Mesoamerican god of spring and patron of planting, seeds, and goldsmiths, and particularly worshipped by the Aztecs, as depicted in the Codex Barbonicus. Human sacrifices were made to the god and the skins of the victims worn...