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The Five Gifts of Hathor: Gratitude in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Five Gifts of Hathor: Gratitude in Ancient Egypt

The central cultural value of ancient Egypt was ma'at – harmony and balance – which maintained the order of the universe and the lives of the people. Keeping balance in one's life encouraged the same in one's family and, by extension outward...
Women's Work in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Women's Work in Ancient Egypt

Women in ancient Egypt had greater rights than in any other civilization of the time. They could own land, initiate divorce, own and operate their own business, become scribes, priests, seers, dentists, and doctors. Although men were dominant...
Balance & the Law in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Balance & the Law in Ancient Egypt

Egyptian law was based on the central cultural value of ma'at (harmony and balance) which was the foundation for the entire civilization. Ma'at was established at the beginning of time by the gods when the earth and universe were formed...
First Battle of El Alamein
Article by Mark Cartwright

First Battle of El Alamein

The First Battle of El Alamein (1-27 July 1942) was a series of encounters during the Second World War (1939-1945) in Egypt between Allied and Axis forces. The battle, focussed around the El Alamein defensive line, ended without a decisive...
Wonderful Things: Howard Carter's Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb
Article by Ben Morales-Correa

Wonderful Things: Howard Carter's Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb

The great discoverer of the treasures of King Tutankhamun, Howard Carter, was born on May 9, 1874 CE to Samuel John and Martha Joyce (Sands) Carter in Kensington, England. A sick, home-schooled child, Carter learned to draw and paint from...
Tombstone of Caliph Umar
Image by Mohammad adil

Tombstone of Caliph Umar

Tombstone of Caliph Umar (634 - 644 CE) of the Rashidun Caliphate, in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, Medina. The grave of Umar can be seen from the first window on the right.
Uthman's Tomb
Image by مانفی

Uthman's Tomb

The grave of Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644-656 CE) in al-Baqi (a graveyard near Medina). The tomb was destroyed in the 19th Century CE by the Saudi regime.
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Image by José-Manuel Benito

Bernal Díaz del Castillo

A modern bust of the Spanish conquistador and chronicler Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 - c. 1580). Díaz wrote a famous account, The Conquest of New Spain. The bust is in the town of Medina del Campo in Spain, the birthplace of Díaz.
Ancient Egyptian Relief of Working Men
Image by James Blake Wiener

Ancient Egyptian Relief of Working Men

This ancient Egtyptian relief of two men pulling a rope is made from stone and dates from the Intermedite Period or the Early Middle Kingdom (c. 2100-1940 BCE). It originally belonged to a necropolis and was found at Herakleopolis Magna (Ihnasya...
View of the Ka'ba
Image by Ishan @seefromthesky

View of the Ka'ba

A view of the Ka'ba in Medina.
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