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10 Great Castles in England & Wales
The Norman Conquest of 1066 CE brought sophisticated motte and bailey castle architecture to England but it was really in the 12th and 13th centuries CE that stone castle-building reached its zenith. Edward I of...
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Stephen of England & Henry II of England
A manuscript depicting King Stephen of England (r. 1135 - 1154 CE) on the left, and King Henry II of England (r. 1154 - 1189 CE) on the right. Stephen is depicted standing and holding a falcon, Henry II is...
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The Wars of the Roses in England (1455–1487) - House of York vs. House of Lancaster
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) were a prolonged series of dynastic civil wars that destabilized England during the late 15th century, fought between two rival branches of...
Definition
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) was an intermittent conflict between England and France lasting 116 years. It began principally because King Edward III (r. 1327-1377) and Philip VI (r. 1328-1350) escalated a dispute over...
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Cnut the Great - King of England, Denmark & Norway
Cnut (died 1035), sometimes called Cnut the Great, was king of England (reign 1016-1035), Denmark (reign 1018-1035), and Norway (reign 1028-1035). Following the Danish conquest of England, Cnut became...
Definition
Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses (1455-1487) was a dynastic conflict between the English nobility and monarchy which led to four decades of intermittent battles, executions, and murder plots. The English elite was split into two camps...
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Map of the Norman Conquest of England, 1066–1086 - From Hastings to Domesday – The Making of Norman England
The Norman Conquest of England began in 1066 after the death of Edward the Confessor (reign 1042–1066) without a direct heir, creating a disputed royal succession...
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Miniature of Edmund I of England
Edmund I of England, miniature by unknown artist, included in Genealogical roll of the kings of England, London, c. 1300 - 1340. Younger half-brother of King Athelstan, Edmund I consolidated English holdings in Britain...
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Map of Elizabethan England Trade with Europe, c. 1600 - Commerce, Companies & Expansion under Elizabeth I
Elizabethan England's trade with Europe around 1600 formed part of a changing early modern commercial system in which established regional networks coexisted...
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Wars of the Roses in England, 1455 - 1487
A map illustrating the course of a series of civil wars in the Kingdom of England between the houses of Lancaster and York for the crown. Known today as the Wars of the Roses (a term coined in the 19th century...
