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Friendships in History: Alexander and Hephaestion // David and Jonathan // Enkidu and Gilgamesh
Friendships in History, especially from mythology and the ancient world have withstood the test of time. This video will take you through the close friendships of Alexander the Great and Hephaestion, David and Jonathan and Enkidu and Gilgamesh...

Image Gallery
4 Maps of Epic Ancient Quests
In this gallery, we cross the ancient Mediterranean world four times to follow the adventures of four great heroes from Greek and Roman mythology. Here are visual representations of timeless tales of heroism, divine challenges, and fearsome...

Definition
Mesopotamian Naru Literature
Mesopotamian Naru Literature was a literary genre, first appearing around the 2nd millennium BCE, which featured a famous person (usually a king) from history as the main character in a story that most often concerned humanity's relationship...

Image
The Story of Gilgamesh & Aga
This literary text narrates the war between Gilgamesh (king of Uruk) and Aga (the last king of the first dynasty Kish). The Epic of Gilgamesh mentioned that Aga had besieged Uruk. Purchase. From Southern Mesopotamia (precise provenance unknown...

Video
Gilgamesh Lament for Enkidu
Gilgamesh was king of the Sumerian city of Uruk in Southern Mesopotamia, some 5000 years ago. According to legend, he was a ruthless despot, so the gods created a friend for him, a kind of wild man called Enkidu, who was able to challenge...

Article
Scribes in Ancient Mesopotamia
Scribes in ancient Mesopotamia were highly educated individuals trained in writing and reading on diverse subjects. Initially, their purpose was in recording financial transactions through trade, but in time, they were integral to every aspect...

Video
Cradles of Civilization - Gilgamesh
In the fourth part of his lecture, Dr. Neiman explains that writing is invented in the Mesopotamian region of Sumer. He describes that once a writing style is developed, literature flourishes. He then describes the first (probably) literary...

Image
Gilgamesh Tablet Fragment
A tablet, discovered in 2015 CE, with a passage from the Gilgamesh epic. CUNES 48-07-173. (Photographs by Prof. David I. Owen, Rosen Collection, Cornell University. Used with permission)

Image
An Illustration of a Gilgamesh Tablet Fragment
An illustration of a tablet, discovered in 2015 CE, describing a portion of the Gilgamesh epic. CUNES 48-07-173. (Illustration by Prof. Andrew George. Used with permission)

Definition
Enki
Enki (also known as Ea, Enkig, Nudimmud, Ninsiku, Nissiku) was the Sumerian god of wisdom, fresh water, intelligence, trickery and mischief, crafts, magic, exorcism, healing, creation, virility, fertility, and art. Iconography depicts him...