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Definition
Civilization
Civilization (from the Latin civis=citizen and civitas=city) is a term applied to any society which has developed a writing system, government, production of surplus food, division of labor, and urbanization. The term is difficult to define...

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Shushtar Hydraulic System, Iran
The Shushtar Hydraulic System is a Sasanian era (3rd century CE) water irrigation system in Shushtar in Iran that included watermills, dams, tunnels and canals. The mills, one of which is still functioning, were used to grind wheat and barley...

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Gezer Water System (Under Excavation)
The entrance to the water system at Tel Gezer in central Israel. This photo was taken during the 2011 excavations of the water system by the New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. The water system is believed to have been built during...

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The Silk Road at Its Height in the Late 8th Century
This map illustrates the Silk Road in the late 8th century, a vast network connecting Tang China, Central Asia, the Islamic world, and Europe. More than just a silk route, it enabled the exchange of luxury goods, technologies, and religions...

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The Rise & Fall of the Inca Empire - Gordon McEwan
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-inca-empire-gordon-mcewan It was the western hemisphere's largest empire ever, with a population of nearly 10 million subjects. Yet within 100 years of its rise in the...

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The Origin and History of the B.C.E / C.E Dating System (As well as B.C/A.D)
In recent years, a persistent criticism has been leveled against the use of the BCE/CE system (Before the Common or Current Era/Common or Current Era) , rather than BC/AD (Before Christ/Anno Domini or 'Year of Our Lord'), in dating historical...

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SACSAYHUAMAN-CUSCO-PERU
Sacsaihuaman o Sacsayhuamán (quechua: Saksaq Waman, 'Halcón satisfecho' )? es una fortaleza incaica hoy en ruinas ubicadas dos kilómetros al norte de la ciudad del Cusco, en el Perú. Sacsayhuamán fue construida originalmente con propósitos...

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The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9
The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: In which John Green teaches you about the so-called Silk Road, a network of trade routes where goods such as ivory, silver, iron, wine, and yes, silk were exchanged across the ancient world, from China to...

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Earth's Solar System
Earth's solar system by NASA and Rawpixel.

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Smugglers During the Continental System
Smugglers in 1808, defying the Continental System. Etching by John Augustus Atkinson and William Miller, 1808.
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London.