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Inca Road Rest Station
An Inca rest station on the Inca Trail, Peru. Such stations were built at regular intervals along most major Inca highways.
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Inca Road System
A map of the Inca road system which included some 40,000 km of routes.
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Inca Agricultural Terracing
An Inca circular terracing used to increase agricultural yield. Moray, Peru, 15-16th century CE.
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Inca Road & Bridge
An Inca mountain road with bridge, approaching Machu Picchu.
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Inca Qollqa
Inca qollqa (storehouses) used for storing grain and other foodstuffs. 15-16th century CE, Ollantaytambo.
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Inca Bird-handled Dish
An Inca ceramic dish with a handle in the form of a bird. Peru, 1476-1534 CE. (St. Louis Art Museum, Missouri)
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Inca Farmers
A colonial-era illustration depicting Inca farmers using traditional tools such as the foot plough. By the native chronicler Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, c. 1613 CE.
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Nazca Civilization
The Nazca civilization flourished on the southern coast of Peru between 200 BCE and 600 CE. They settled in the Nazca and other surrounding valleys with their principal religious and urban sites being Cahuachi and Ventilla, respectively...
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Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru
An 1846 painting by John Everett Millais titled "Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru". The scene shows the conquistador Francisco Pizarro (c. 1478-1541) capturing the Inca ruler Atahualpa at the battle of Cajamarca in 1533. (Victoria and Albert...
Definition
Civilization
Civilization (from the Latin civis=citizen and civitas=city) is a term applied to any society which has developed a writing system, government, production of surplus food, division of labor, and urbanization. The term is difficult to define...