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Visiting The Ruins of Lisbon’s Ancient and Medieval Past
Visiting the vibrant and colorful city of Lisbon, on the banks of the river Tagus and the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, what is most showcased is one episode of the city's and country's glorious past: Lisbon as the capital of the Portuguese...

Definition
Medieval Castle
Medieval castles were built from the 11th century CE for rulers to demonstrate their wealth and power to the local populace, to provide a place of defence and safe retreat in the case of attack, defend strategically important sites like river...

Definition
Northern Crusades
The Northern or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns organised by popes and western rulers to convert pagans to Christianity in the 12th to 15th century. Unlike in the Holy Land, where military campaigns were aimed at liberating former...

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Jousting Re-enactment
A modern re-enactment of a medieval joust. (Linlithglow Tournament, 2008 CE)

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Medieval Soldier Being Knighted
An artist's depiction of a Medieval soldier being knighted on a battlefield. From the game Old World.

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Jousting Armour
An example of jousting armour as used in medieval tournaments. Commissioned by Emperor Maximilian I c. 1494 CE. (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

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German Crusade 1197-8 CE
The German Crusade of 1197 CE, also known as the 'Emperor's Crusade', was led by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI (r. 1191-1197 CE). Although the emperor died on his way east, his army did capture Beirut from the forces of the Ayyubid dynasty...

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Henry I, Count of Anhalt in the Codex Manesse
Page from the early 14th-century Codex Manesse - an illuminated book of poetry composed in Middle High German - depicting Henry I, Count of Anhalt participating in a tournament.

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The Life of Medieval Knights
In the Middle Ages, knights were at the top of the social ladder. With the best training, the best clothes, the best weapons and, supposedly, the best manners, they were what everyone else aspired to be. Tales of daring deeds and chivalry...

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Sir William Wallace
A statue of Sir William Wallace (c. 1270-1305 CE), a Scottish knight and national hero who fought for his country’s independence from England. (Edinburgh Castle)