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Definition
Northern Crusades
The Northern or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns organised by popes and western rulers to convert pagans to Christianity in the 12th to 15th century. Unlike in the Holy Land, where military campaigns were aimed at liberating former...

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Jousting Re-enactment
A modern re-enactment of a medieval joust. (Linlithglow Tournament, 2008 CE)

Definition
German Crusade 1197-8 CE
The German Crusade of 1197 CE, also known as the 'Emperor's Crusade', was led by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI (r. 1191-1197 CE). Although the emperor died on his way east, his army did capture Beirut from the forces of the Ayyubid dynasty...

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Jousting Armour
An example of jousting armour as used in medieval tournaments. Commissioned by Emperor Maximilian I c. 1494 CE. (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

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Medieval Soldier Being Knighted
An artist's depiction of a Medieval soldier being knighted on a battlefield. From the game Old World.

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Henry I, Count of Anhalt in the Codex Manesse
Page from the early 14th-century Codex Manesse - an illuminated book of poetry composed in Middle High German - depicting Henry I, Count of Anhalt participating in a tournament.

Collection
The Life of Medieval Knights
In the Middle Ages, knights were at the top of the social ladder. With the best training, the best clothes, the best weapons and, supposedly, the best manners, they were what everyone else aspired to be. Tales of daring deeds and chivalry...

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Tomb of Sir William Marshal
The tomb of the famous English knight Sir William Marshal (c. 1146-1219 CE), who was also Protector of the Kingdom and regent for Henry III (1216-1272 CE). Temple Church, London.

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Sir William Wallace
A statue of Sir William Wallace (c. 1270-1305 CE), a Scottish knight and national hero who fought for his country’s independence from England. (Edinburgh Castle)

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Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (c. 1015-1085 CE) was a Norman knight who fought with success against the Byzantine and Arab Empires. Painting by Merry-Joseph Blondel (1781–1853 CE). (Palace of Versailles, France)