Louis xi: Did you mean...?

Engraved portrait of Kings of East Francia Charles the Fat (r. 876-887 CE), Holy Roman Emperor (r. 881-887 CE), and Louis III the Younger (r. 876-882 CE), by unknown creator, c. 1634-1643 CE. The British Museum, London.

Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles, oil on canvas portrait by Gilbert Stuart, 1798. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. A French noble and brother-in-law to the Marquis de Lafayette, Noailles fought in the American Revolutionary War. His...

Portrait of Louis Antoine de Bourbon-Condé, Duke of Enghien (1772-1804) whose scandalous arrest and execution sent shockwaves throughout Europe, turning many European aristocrats against the Bonapartist regime in France. Portrait by Jean-Michael...

Portrait of Louis François Perrin de Précy, commander of the rebel army during the Revolt of Lyon in the Federalist Revolts (May-December 1793). By Jean-Joseph Dassy, 1829. In the Musée d'art et d'histoire de Cholet

Recreation of the diamond necklace at the center of the affair of the diamond necklace (1784-86). Château de Breteuil, France. Photo taken by Jebulon, 18 July 2010.

Henry of Navarre became the nominal ruler of France after the assassination of Henry III of France (r. 1574-1589), whose marriage to Louise de Lorraine produced no heir. After years of attempts to deny the throne to Navarre, his enemies realized...

The Revolt of the Parlements of 1787-1788, was the climax of a power struggle between the royal authority of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) and the Parlement of Paris, the most powerful of France's thirteen parlements, or high judicial...

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (1758-1794) was a French lawyer who became one of the primary leaders of the French Revolution (1789-1799). From his initial rise to stardom in the Jacobin Club, Robespierre went on to dominate...

"I come to ask, not the gods, but legislators…to erase from the code of the French the blood laws that command judicial murders" (Robespierre, 6). These impassioned words, spoken by Maximilien Robespierre before France's National Constituent...

The Declaration of Pillnitz was a joint statement issued on 27 August 1791 by Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1790-1792) and King Frederick William II of Prussia (r. 1786-1797). The declaration appealed to all European powers to unite...