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Tartessos
The Tartessian culture existed from the 9th to the 6th centuries BCE in the south-westernmost part of Spain. The landscape between the modern cities Huelva and Cádiz is defined nowadays by the lower course of the Guadalquivir, but in antiquity...

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The Annaberg Mountain Altar
The Annaberg Mountain Altar, painted by Hans Hesse (1470 - 1539 CE), was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a part of the Ore Mountain Mining Region 2019 CE. The altar painting depicts the different types of work done in, or in connection...

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The Gold of the Conquistadors
The staggering quantity of gold the conquistadors extracted from the Americas allowed Spain to become the richest country in the world. The thirst for gold to pay for armies and gain personal enrichment resulted in waves of expeditions of...

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The Silver of the Conquistadors
The Spanish conquistadors might have gained a lasting reputation as the great gold-seekers of history, but they were actually far more successful in acquiring silver. Over 100 tons of gold were extracted from the Americas from 1492 to 1560...

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Coal Pits & Factories
An illustration showing the increasing industrialisation and urbanisation of Britain during the Industrial Revolution. (From Griffith's Guide to the Iron Trade of Great Britain, 1873)

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Turin Papyrus Map
The Turin Papyrus Map is an ancient Egyptian map of gold mines in the Eastern Desert. It is considered to be one of the oldest surviving topographical maps. Made c. 1150 BCE by Scribe-of-the-Tomb Amennakhte, son of Ipuy. (Turin Museum)

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Davy Lamp
A Davy lamp, a safety lamp designed by Humphrey Davy (1778-1820) in 1815 for coal miners. The lamp's flame could not escape the mesh and so did not set alight dangerous gases in mine shafts. In addition, a gauge could tell a miner if such...

Definition
RMS Titanic
The RMS Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner, which sank after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York on 15 April 1912. Over 1,500 men, women, and children lost their lives. There were 705 survivors. In...

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Watt Steam Engine
The steam engine developed by the Scotsman James Watt (1736-1819) from 1769 was much more efficient in terms of power and fuel consumption than earlier models, and it significantly increased the possible uses for this key invention of the...

Definition
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist artist whose paintings are amongst the most popular and recognizable in history. His dramatic brushwork, exuberant palette, and mastery at capturing moments in time and light revolutionised...