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Richard Wagner
Richard Wagner (1813-1883) was a German composer of Romantic music most famous for his epic operas like The Ring, Tannhäuser, and Tristan and Isolde. Wagner was concerned throughout his career with the theme of redemption through love and...

Definition
Reichstag Fire
The Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933 was a possible arson attack on the German parliament building. The fire was blamed on a communist anarchist Marinus van der Lubbe (1909-1934), but it may have been the work of the Nazi party's paramilitary...

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Why Did Hitler Hate Jewish People?
The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) identified Jewish people as enemies of the state, presenting them through relentless propaganda as responsible for Germany's economic and cultural decline. Basing this propaganda on White...

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Why Did Hitler Attack the USSR?
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the leader of Nazi Germany, was intent on attacking the USSR in the summer of 1941. With Western Europe subdued in 1940, Hitler could finally pursue his dream of territorial expansion in the East, destroy Bolshevism...

Definition
Medieval Hygiene
People in the Middle Ages have acquired something of a bad reputation when it comes to cleanliness, especially the peasantry. However, despite the general lack of running water and other modern amenities, there were common expectations of...

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Monte Cassino in the 15th Century
Illustration of Monte Cassino in the 15th-century Nuremberg Chronicle. Published in Nuremberg, Germany, 1493.

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The House of Albrecht Dürer
The Dürer House is the only largely originally preserved Renaissance artists' house in Northern Europe. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) lived and worked here from 1509 to 1528. At the same time, it is a unique testimony to the bourgeois culture...

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Sturmabteilung March
A 1929 colourised photograph showing a march in Nuremberg by the Sturmabteilung (SA), the paramilitary wing of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP). (German Federal Archives)

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Body of Alfred Rosenberg
The body of Alfred Rosenberg (1893-1946), Nazi racial theorist and Reichs Minister. He was found guilty at the Nuremberg trials (1945-6) and hanged for war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Definition
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933. He gained power by making popular promises like improving Germany's economy and status in Europe, but when he took these policies too far, he was responsible more than anything...