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First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I...

Article
Women in the Old Testament
Modern practitioners of Judaism and Christianity often turn to the Bible for stories concerning women and their roles in ancient religion and society. It is important to acknowledge that these stories were written by men. The male perspectives...

Article
The Island Kingdom of Aegina: The Old Gods Still Whisper Their Truths
Today, traveling an hour by ferry from Piraeus, the port of Athens, the first remnant of Aegina's great past a visitor will see is the lonely pillar of Apollo rising from the trees on the hill of Kolona. Once a splendid complex of three buildings...

Definition
Sixth Crusade
The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229 CE), which for many historians was merely the delayed final chapter of the unsuccessful Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE), finally saw the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (r. 1220-1250 CE) arrive with his army in the...

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Old City of Acre (UNESCO/NHK)
Acre is a historic walled port-city with continuous settlement from the Phoenician period. The present city is characteristic of a fortified town dating from the Ottoman 18th and 19th centuries A.D., with typical urban components such as...

Video
Old City of Sana'a (UNESCO/NHK)
Situated in a mountain valley at an altitude of 2,200 m, Sana'a, Yemen has been inhabited for more than 2,500 years. In the 7th and 8th centuries the city became a major centre for the propagation of Islam. This religious and political heritage...

Article
Chester: A Time-Travelling City
It is said that Chester is the richest city in Britain in terms of archaeological and architectural treasures. One of the finest strategic outposts of the Roman Empire, it is one of the few walled cities left in Britain today. Rachael Lindsay...

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Coronation of Melisende of Jerusalem
Coronation of Melisende of Jerusalem as depicted in the 13th-century French manuscript Fr. 779.
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.

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Church of St. Anne, Jerusalem
The Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem, a rare surviving Crusader church from the 12th century. Built c. 1140 when Jerusalem was the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader States.

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Taking of Jerusalem by the Crusaders
A 19th century CE painting by Émil Signol titled "Taking of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, 15th July 1099". Jerusalem was recaptured from the Muslims during the First Crusade, 1095-1202 CE. (Palace of Versailles, France)