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Derawar Fort
Derawar Fort, Punjab, Pakistan. The fort was first built in the 9th century and used by successive rulers including the nawabs of Bahawalpur, one of the Indian princely states.

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Coin of Theophilus
Silver coin the Indo-Greek King Theophilus (Theophilos) the Autocrat, reigned 130s or 90 BCE. From modern-day North-West India/Pakistan. (The British Museum, London).

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Buddha's First Sermon
Broken relief showing the First Sermon of the Buddha, 2nd–3rd century CE. The Buddha is depicted turning the Wheel of Law, with attendants and deer also visible.
Peshawar Museum, Pakistan.

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Copper Coin from Manikyala Stupa
As the stupa (Buddhist monument) had been enlarged and rebuilt over the centuries, worshippers added new deposits. When he opened the stupa, General Ventura recognized that the deeper objects were the oldest ones. The last dedication, "deposit...

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Monument of the Battle of Chillianwalla
The monument to the Battle of Chillianwalla (now in Pakistan) fought on 13 January 1849 between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire during the Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845-9). The battle was a draw with heavy casualties on both sides...

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Sath Graha Central Temple
The main central temple at the Sath Graha section of Katas Raj, Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan, an ancient Hindu site dedicated to the worship of Shiva and prior to that a Buddhist site as well. This particular building is dated approximately...

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Coin of Diomedes
Silver coin the Indo-Greek King Diomedes Soter, reigned 95-90 BCE. From modern-day North-West India/Pakistan. (The British Museum, London).

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Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a cultural and political entity which flourished in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent between c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE. Its modern name derives from its location in the valley of the Indus River...

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Islamic Caliphates
Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called...

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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE, also given as Sassanian, Sasanid or Sassanid) was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, son of Papak, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown...