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Funerary Relief from Palmyra of a Woman and Daughter
This relief depicts an older woman with her daughter. They are set in a line, represented frontally, stiff, and lifeless. Both of them wear turbans and headbands. At their temples, long strands of hair are combed back and tucked into the...

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Funerary Relief from Palmyra of a Man and his Son
The inscription on this funerary relief says that the two figures are "Yedi Bel" and his son "Zabde'atach". Limestone. Roman Period, 200-273 CE. From Palmyra, in modern-day Syria. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).

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Head of a Woman from Palmyra
This limestone head of an unidentified woman dates to the Roman Period, second to third century CE. From Palmyra, in modern-day Syria. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).

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Panorama of Palmyra
A panoramic view of ruins of the ancient desert city of Palmyra in Syria, which grew large in the Syrian desert in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
The ruins are now a United Nations World Heritage site.

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Funerary Stele of Two Boys from Palmyra
The two young boys were represented frontally and are of a similar height. They wear the same type of clothes. The boy on the left side holds a bunch of grapes in each hand. The boy on the right grasps the left wrist of the right boy and...

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Fragment of a Sarcophagus from Palmyra
This fragment is from a base of a sarcophagus. Roman Period. From Palmyra, in modern-day Syria. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).

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Site of Palmyra (UNESCO/NHK)
An oasis in the Syrian desert, north-east of Damascus, Palmyra contains the monumental ruins of a great city that was one of the most important cultural centres of the ancient world. From the 1st to the 2nd century AD, the art and architecture...

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Aurelian
Aurelian was Roman emperor from 270 to 275 CE. He was one of the so-called Barracks Emperors, chosen by the Roman army during the turbulent period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE). Besides victories against various invading...

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Zenobia's Rebellion in the Historia Augusta
The Historia Augusta (Great History) is a Latin work of the 4th century CE that chronicles the lives of Roman emperors from 117-285 CE. Among the many stories related is the history of Zenobia of Palmyra and her challenge to Roman authority...

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Battle of Immae
The Battle of Immae (272 CE) was fought between the forces of the Roman emperor Aurelian (270-275 CE) and those of the Palmyrene Empire of Zenobia (267-273 CE) resulting in a Roman victory and, ultimately, the capture of Zenobia and an end...