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![Zeno of Citium](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/352.jpg?v=1618780502)
Definition
Zeno of Citium
Zeno of Citium (l. c. 336-265 BCE) was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy in Athens, which taught that the Logos (Universal Reason) was the greatest good in life and living in accordance with reason was the purpose of human life...
![Proclus](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12863.png?v=1739060944)
Definition
Proclus
Proclus of Athens (c. 412-485 CE) was a prolific Platonic philosopher whose main aim was the seemingly impossible task of defending traditional Greek polytheism at the time when his contemporary culture was almost completely dominated by...
![The Art of Dialectic & Zeno of Elea](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/5406.jpg?v=1738766407)
Article
The Art of Dialectic & Zeno of Elea
The creation of the art of dialectic is credited to Zeno of Elea, the philosophical champion of Parmenides’ claim that the essence of reality is One and unchanging. Zeno was Parmenides’ student and protégé and, in defending and defining his...
![Xenophanes the Visionary Poet Philosopher](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6106.jpg?v=1738766414)
Article
Xenophanes the Visionary Poet Philosopher
Xenophanes of Colophon (l.c. 570-c.478 BCE) is known as one of the Pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece, so-called because they pre-date Socrates (l. c. 470/469-399 BCE), recognized as the Father of Western Philosophy. The Pre-Socratics...
![Philosophy](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/906.jpg?v=1738247644)
Definition
Philosophy
The word philosophy comes from the Greek philo (love) and sophia (wisdom) and so is literally defined as “the love of wisdom”. More broadly understood, it is the study of the most basic and profound matters of human existence. Philosophical...
![Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2263.jpg?v=1737009424)
Article
Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia
Daily life in ancient Mesopotamia cannot be described in the same way one would describe life in ancient Rome or Greece. Mesopotamia was never a single, unified civilization, not even under the Akkadian Empire of Sargon of Akkad (the Great...
![Childhood in Ancient Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/18312.jpg?v=1714406473-1704804653)
Article
Childhood in Ancient Rome
Freeborn Roman children, ingenuiae, born of Roman citizen parents lived a life that was dictated by the level of society into which they were born; a day in the life of a child from the lower level of society and one from the more affluent...
![Tibetan Sand Mandalas](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6518.jpg?v=1739013967)
Article
Tibetan Sand Mandalas
Tibetan sand mandalas are works of art created to encourage healing, peace, and purification generally as well as spiritual or psychological focus specifically for those creating and viewing it. A mandala (Sanskrit for "circle") is a geometric...
![The Life of Antisthenes of Athens in Diogenes Laertius](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2955.jpg?v=1625339704)
Article
The Life of Antisthenes of Athens in Diogenes Laertius
Antisthenes (c. 445-365 BCE) was a Greek philosopher who founded the Cynic School of Athens. He was a follower of Socrates and appears in Plato's Phaedo as one of those present at Socrates' death. He is one of the primary interlocutors in...
![Egyptian Medicine](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6363.jpg?v=1718223192)
Definition
Egyptian Medicine
Medical practice in ancient Egypt was so advanced that many of their observations, policies, and commonplace procedures would not be surpassed in the west for centuries after the fall of Rome and their practices would inform both Greek and...