Pope boniface viii: Did you mean...?

A c. 1450 illustration showing Pope Joan giving birth during a procession. Pope Joan was a legendary female pope of the Middle Ages said to have reigned from 855 to 858. Her existence is disputed. (Spencer Collection)

This medal depicts John VIII Palaeologus during his visit to Ferrara in 1438 CE, as drawn by Pisanello. Extravagant hats were popular among Byzantine Royalty.

Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259-1281 CE) Miniature from the manuscript of Pachymeres' Historia, 14th century CE. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.

The Diet of Worms (January-May 1521) was the assembly convened by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to address, among other issues, the works of the reformer Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) who openly criticized the Church. Luther was told to recant...

A 15-16th century manuscript illustration of Pope Joan, a legendary female pope of the Middle Ages said to have reigned from 855 to 858. Her existence is disputed. (Bibliothèque nationale de France).

Did you know that the Protestant Reformation started in England because the king wanted a divorce? This video is all about the establishment of the Protestant Church of England by Henry VIII in the 16th century, best known as the English...

A silver tetradrachm depicting Antiochus VII Grypos, ruler of the Greek Seleucid Kingdom in 125 BCE. (Numismatics Museum, Athens)

This limestone block was part of a Ptolemaic foundation. There are hieroglyphic inscription, including a cartouche of the Egyptian king Intef. In addtion, there are head and one arm of the god Min, who looks to the right side. From Koptos...

A statue of Pope Urban II (r. 1088-1099 CE) who called for the First Crusade (1095-1202 CE). Clermont-Ferrand, France.

A medieval manuscript illustration showing Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) and the crusaders of the Albigensian Crusade in southern France (1209-1229 CE). (Chronicles of Saint-Denis, British Library, London)