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Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII (served 1294-1303 CE). Statue by Arnolfo di Cambio, c. 1298 CE.
Museo dell'Opera, Florence.

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Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX (r. 1049-1054), illustration from an illuminated manuscript, 11th century.

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Pope Pius VII
Portrait of Pope Pius VII, oil on panel by Jacques-Louis David, 1805.
Louvre Museum, Paris.

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Pope Pius VI
A 1775 portrait by Pompeo Batoni of Pope Pius VI (r. 1775-99). (National Gallery of Ireland)

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Wakefield House at Pope's Creek, Virginia
An engraving of the Wakefield house on Pope's Creek, Virginia, the birthplace of George Washington. Engraving by Benson J. Lossing & William Barritt, 1856, digitalized by Centpacrr, 2013.

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Pope Celestine III
Stained glass window in York Minster depicting Pope Celestine III (1191-1198 CE)

Definition
Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas (l. 1225-1274, also known as the "Ox of Sicily" and the "Angelic Doctor") was a Dominican friar, mystic, theologian, and philosopher, all at once. Although he lived a relatively short life, dying at age 49, Thomas occupied...

Definition
English Reformation
The English Reformation began with Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) and continued in stages over the rest of the 16th century CE. The process witnessed the break away from the Catholic Church headed by the Pope in Rome. The Protestant...

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Pope Gregory I
Statue of St. Gregory the Great in the Oratory of St. Barbara on the Caelian Hill, Rome.

Definition
Johann Tetzel
Johann Tetzel (l.c. 1465-1519) was a Dominican Friar who became famous as one of the most effective indulgence salesmen and who inadvertently inspired the Protestant Reformation when Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) wrote his 95 Theses protesting...